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„Molekularer Schalter“ bei Parkinson-Protein entdeckt

By Guest PostJanuary 31, 2014Healthalzheimer, daniela bertinetti, dardarin mutation, enzym lrrk2, enzyms dardarin, frank gesellchen, friedrich w herberg, jennifer sarah hermann, kathrin muda, michael j fox, molekularer schalter, mutation, neurodegenerative krankheit, otto braun fonds, parkinson kranken, parkinson protein, parkinson varianten, pka, universitaet kassel, universitaet tuebingen, variante von parkinson

Bei einer Variante von Parkinson spielt das Enzym LRRK2 eine zentrale Rolle. Wissenschaftler der Universität Kassel haben nun einen Mechanismus entdeckt, der die Aktivität von LRRK2 steuert. Das eröffnet neue Ansatzpunkte für die Entwicklung von Medikamenten gegen die bislang unheilbare Krankheit.

Parkinson ist nach Alzheimer die häufigste neurodegenerative Krankheit; Schätzungen gehen von rund sieben Millionen Erkrankten weltweit aus. Ein Teil der Erkrankungen ist erblich bedingt und wird durch Mutationen bestimmter Gene hervorgerufen. Diese sogenannte familiäre Parkinson-Variante tritt in verschieden Volksgruppen unterschiedlich häufig auf; bestimmte Mutationen sind insbesondere in Italien und Spanien verbreitet. Mutationen eines Proteins namens LRRK2 gelten als häufigste Ursache für vererbbares Parkinson. (more…)

Nobels explained

By Guest PostDecember 8, 2013Sciencealfred nobel, alice munro, alzheimer, andrew brett, ann manser, arieh warshel, building blocks, cells, chemical weapons, chemistry on computer, civil war, cold war, complex chemical systems, computational model, contemporary short story, conventional weapons, doug doren, elizabeth m shiller, eugene f fama, francois englert, frederick bereskin, fundamental particle, higgs field, immune diseases, ise lab, james e rothman, kenneth van golen, lars peter hansen, literature prize, martin karplus, master, matter particles, medicine, michael levitt, nobel prizes, nobels explained, opcw, origin of mass, particle physics, peter w higgs, physiology, randy w schekman, riksbank prize, robert j shiller, russia, sandeep patel, siobhan carroll, standard model, stephen barr, stockpile, stuart kaufman, subatomic particles, syrian government, thomas c suedhof, transport system, university of delaware, US, vesicle traffic, weapons

UD faculty members discuss 2013 prize-winners at annual symposium

Today’s chemists might work at a computer as often as in a laboratory, medical researchers studying conditions such as diabetes rely on understanding how cells carry and deposit materials within the body, and average investors in the market increasingly buy index funds to average out the short-term ups and downs of individual stocks.

The discoveries that led to these changes are among the work that was honored by this year’s Nobel Prizes. (more…)

Boosting ‘cellular garbage disposal’ can delay the aging process, UCLA biologists report

By Guest PostJune 3, 2013Healthaging, aging research, alzheimer, anil rana, cardiovascular disease, cells, cellular garbage disposal, cellular machinery, david walker, diabetes, disease in humans, healthy life span, like symptoms, membrane structure, mitochondria, nervous system, neurodegenerative diseases, opposite effect, parkin gene, parkinsons disease, postdoctoral scholar, toxic, ucla biologists, vital functions

UCLA life scientists have identified a gene previously implicated in Parkinson’s disease that can delay the onset of aging and extend the healthy life span of fruit flies. The research, they say, could have important implications for aging and disease in humans.

The gene, called parkin, serves at least two vital functions: It marks damaged proteins so that cells can discard them before they become toxic, and it is believed to play a key role in the removal of damaged mitochondria from cells. (more…)

Vitamin D, Omega-3 May Help Clear Amyloid Plaques Found in Alzheimer’s

By Guest PostFebruary 12, 2013Healthalzheimer, amyloid beta, amyloid beta absorption, amyloid plaques, avi siani, blood samples, brain, cell death, critical immune cells, dihydroxyvitamin d3, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, fatty acid dha, fatty acid epa, fatty acids, guanghao liu, immune system, improve plaque clearance, inflammation, inflammatory genes, james sayre, larry magpantay, macrophages, mathew mizwicki, milan fiala, nutrition molecule, omega 3 dha, omega-3, oxidation, vitamin D, vitamin d3

A team of academic researchers has pinpointed how vitamin D3 and omega-3 fatty acids may enhance the immune system’s ability to clear the brain of amyloid plaques, one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease.

In a small pilot study published in the Feb. 5 issue of the Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, the scientists identified key genes and signaling networks regulated by vitamin D3 and the omega-3 fatty acid DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) that may help control inflammation and improve plaque clearance. (more…)

U of T Researchers Uncover Major Source of Evolutionary Differences among Species

By Guest PostJanuary 1, 2013Nature, Sciencealternative splicing, alzheimer, benjamin blencowe, brain, cancer, chicken, chimpanzee, disease, disease susceptibility, frog, fundamental characteristics, fundamental difference, genetic basis, genetic messages, heart, human, human brain, human diseases, identical, liver, mouse, multiple proteins, nuno barbosa morais, set of genes, species, university of toronto, vertebrate, vertebrate evolution

TORONTO, ON – University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine researchers have uncovered a genetic basis for fundamental differences between humans and other vertebrates that could also help explain why humans are susceptible to diseases not found in other species.

Scientists have wondered why vertebrate species, which look and behave very differently from one another, nevertheless share very similar repertoires of genes. For example, despite obvious physical differences, humans and chimpanzees share a nearly identical set of genes. (more…)

Harmful Protein-Coding Mutations in People arose Largely in the Past 5,000 to 10,000 Years

By Guest PostDecember 2, 2012Sciencea, africa migration, african, age, alzheimer, c, dating, discovery, dna code, dna sequence, Europe, european ancestry, evolutionary geneticist, future generation, g, gene, genetic variants, hardening, harmful, heart arteries, human, human diaspora, joshua akey, mesopotamia, metabolic pathways, middle east, model, mutation, nucleotide, out of africa, paralysis, premature ovarian failure, protein coding gene, protein coding mutation, seattle, single nucleotide, t, tap energy, university, variation, Washington, wenqing fu

A study dating the age of more than 1 million single-letter variations in the human DNA code reveals that most of these mutations are of recent origin, evolutionarily speaking. These kinds of mutations change one nucleotide – an A, C, T or G – in the DNA sequence. Over 86 percent of the harmful protein-coding mutations of this type arose in humans just during the past 5,000 to 10,000 years.

Some of the remaining mutations of this nature may have no effect on people, and a few might be beneficial, according to the project researchers. While each specific mutation is rare, the findings suggest that the human population acquired an abundance of these single-nucleotide genetic variants in a relatively short time. (more…)

Researchers Report Potential New Treatment to Stop Alzheimer’s Disease

By Guest PostNovember 16, 2012Health, Sciencealzheimer, amyloid beta, blood brain barrier, brain, brain pathology, cell, clr01, disease, disorders, gal bitan, inhibitor, mammalian animal model, memory, molecular compound, molecular tweezer, mouse model, neuron, parkinsons disease, pathologic feature, process specific, radioactive label, tau, toxic protein, ucla

Molecular ‘tweezers’ break up toxic aggregations of proteins in mouse model

Last March, researchers at UCLA reported the development of a molecular compound called CLR01 that prevented toxic proteins associated with Parkinson’s disease from binding together and killing the brain’s neurons.

Building on those findings, they have now turned their attention to Alzheimer’s disease, which is thought to be caused by a similar toxic aggregation or clumping, but with different proteins, especially amyloid-beta and tau. (more…)

Concussions and Head Impacts May Accelerate Brain Aging

By Guest PostAugust 3, 2012Sciencealzheimer, balance, brain, brain aging, brain injury, cognitive decline, concussions, electrical activity, gait, head impacts, kinesiology, lifestyle choice, natural aging, natural deterioration, pothole, signaling pathway, steven broglio, subconcussive impact

ANN ARBOR, Mich.— Concussions and even lesser head impacts may speed up the brain’s natural aging process by causing signaling pathways in the brain to break down more quickly than they would in someone who has never suffered a brain injury or concussion.

Researchers from the University of Michigan School of Kinesiology and the U-M Health System looked at college students with and without a history of concussion and found changes in gait, balance and in the brain’s electrical activity, specifically attention and impulse control, said Steven Broglio, assistant professor of kinesiology and director of the Neurotrauma Research Laboratory. (more…)

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