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How to rejuvenate ageing immune cells

By Guest PostSeptember 22, 2014Healthautophagy, bbsrc, cancer, fleischfressende wasserschlaeuchen, immunity, infections, lung cancer patients, metabolism, microfluidic chips, molecule, nutrition, recycling, rhonda jack, rishindra reddy, t cells, t lymphocytes, tumor removal surgery, vasudha murlidhar

Researchers from UCL have demonstrated how an interplay between nutrition, metabolism and immunity is involved in the process of ageing.

The two new studies, supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), could help to enhance our immunity to disease through dietary intervention and help make existing immune system therapies more effective. As we age our immune systems decline. Older people suffer from increased incidence and severity of both infections and cancer. In addition, vaccination becomes less efficient with age. (more…)

Were Dinosaurs Cold-Blooded or Warm-Blooded? Neither, Study Finds

By Guest PostJuly 15, 2014Nature, Sciencearchaeopteryx, arctic archipelago, astrid slany, blutplaettchen, cold blooded, dinosaurs, earth, felisa smith, hautkreb, jurassic park, krebstherapie, lisburne, long extinct creatures, melanom, metabolism, new mexico, serumprobe, t rex, theory, university of arizona, warm blooded, william bligh

A study that originated in the lab of UA biologist Brian J. Enquist with UA alum John Grady suggests dinosaurs had a metabolism that was neither warm- nor cold-blooded, but somewhere in between.

Dinosaurs dominated the Earth for more than 100 million years, but all that remains today are bones. This has made it difficult to solve a long-standing and contentious puzzle: Were dinosaurs cold-blooded animals that lumbered along or swift warm-blooded creatures like those depicted in “Jurassic Park”? (more…)

How Evolution Shapes the Geometries of Life

By Guest PostFebruary 20, 2014Scienceconvergent evolution, energy efficiency, evolutionary fact, geometries of life, kleiber law, metabolism

COLLEGE PARK, Md. – Why does a mouse’s heart beat about the same number of times in its lifetime as an elephant’s, although the mouse lives about a year, while an elephant sees 70 winters come and go? Why do small plants and animals mature faster than large ones? Why has nature chosen such radically different forms as the loose-limbed beauty of a flowering tree and the fearful symmetry of a tiger? (more…)

Fatty Acids Crucial to Embryonic Development

By Guest PostDecember 20, 2013Scienceacs, acsl4, acyl coa synthetases, bmp signaling pathway, different tissue types, early embryo, embryo implantation, embryonic development, enzyme, fatty acids, fruit fly, Germany, metabolism, polyunsaturated fatty acid, rosa miyares, steven farber, university of cologne, uterus development

Baltimore, MD— One classical question in developmental biology is how different tissue types arise in the correct position of the developing embryo. While one signaling pathway that controls this process has been well described, unexpected findings from a team led by Carnegie’s Steven Farber reveal the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in this process. It is published online December 12 in Developmental Cell.

Fatty acids serve as sources of energy, the building materials of cellular membranes, and as signals for sending messages between cells. Enzymes are needed to activate free fatty acids so that they are useful for cellular processes. The enzymes that perform this function are called acyl-CoA synthetases, often shortened to ACS. (more…)

Link between low vitamin D blood levels and heart disease varies by race

By Guest PostJuly 25, 2013Health25 hydroxyvitamin, blacks, blood levels, by race, cardiovascular events, cassianne robinson cohen, chinese, coronary heart disease, gene variations, genetic variation, heart disease, hispanics, ian deboer, jama, kidney disease, kidney research institute, leila gray, low vitamin d, mesa, metabolism, michael lauer, multi ethnic, risk factors, study group, united states, university of washington, vitamin d activation, vitamin d levels, whites

Low vitamin D blood levels are linked to greater risk of heart disease in whites and Chinese, but not in blacks and Hispanics, according to a study appearing this week in JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association.

Growing evidence has suggested that low blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin are associated with higher risk of developing coronary heart disease among whites. Few of these studies included substantial numbers of people from other races. (more…)

Fat cells in breast may connect social stress to breast cancer

By Guest PostJune 23, 2013Healthacaca, acetyl coa carboxykase, acly, aggressive breast cancer, antigen mice, atp citrate lyase, breast, carcinoma in situ, chronic stress, erin wonder, estrogen, fat cells, female mice, gene, her2, hexokinase, hk2, hormones, leptin, lumpectomy, mammary fat, mammary glands, martha mcclintock, matthew brady, maxwell skor, metabolism, metabolism of glucose, multiple tissues, paul volden, progesterone, receptor, social stress, suzanne conzen, sv40 t, triple negative, tumor growth, tumors, university of chicago

Local chemical signals released by fat cells in the mammary gland appear to provide a crucial link between exposure to unrelenting social stressors early in life, and the subsequent development of breast cancer, researchers from the University of Chicago report in the July 2013 issue of the journal Cancer Prevention Research.

Some forms of stress exposure may be associated with an increased risk of certain types of aggressive breast cancer. But the mechanisms linking the biology of social stress to cancer have been hard to identify. To unravel that mechanism, the researchers looked for differences between mice raised in small groups and those that grow up in an isolated setting—an established model of chronic stress without social supports. (more…)

Lack of Key Enzyme in the Metabolism of Folic Acid Leads to Birth Defects

By Guest PostJanuary 23, 2013Healthanencephaly, austin, birth defects, dean appling, developing embryos, folic acid, folic acid enzyme, formate, gene, human gene, jessica momb, jordan lewandowski, joshua bryant, key enzyme, lack, metabolic pathway, metabolism, mthfd1l, mutation, neural tube defects, point mutation, pregnancy, rebecca fitch, researcher deborah surman, spina bifida, steven vokes, university of texas

AUSTIN, Texas — Researchers at The University of Texas at Austin have discovered that the lack of a critical enzyme in the folic acid metabolic pathway leads to neural tube birth defects in developing embryos.

It has been known for several decades that folic acid supplementation dramatically reduces the incidence of neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, which are among the most common birth defects. In some populations, folic acid supplementation has decreased neural tube defects by as much as 70 percent. (more…)

Scientists Dramatically Reduce Plaque-Forming Substances in Mice with Alzheimer’s Disease

By Guest PostSeptember 8, 2012Sciencea beta peptides, ajaya kunwar, alzheimer's disease, amp kinase, ampk, amyloid beta, amyloid precursor protein, app, chemical reaction, chhavy tep, cognitive decline, compound, cycle, dong ju park, endoplasmic reticulum, enzyme, er, fat, genetic manipulation, glucose, jae cheon ryu, jnk3, metabolism, mice, mouse brain, mtor pathway, ohio state university, proteins, reduction, rna expression, sung ok yoon, symptom, tae hee lim, type 2 diabetes, yong jae shin

COLUMBUS, Ohio – Scientists have found that eliminating an enzyme from mice with symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease leads to a 90 percent reduction in the compounds responsible for formation of the plaques linked to Alzheimer’s disease.

That is the most dramatic reduction in this compound reported to date in published research.

The compounds are amyloid beta, or A-beta peptides; peptides are proteins, but are shorter in length. When A-beta peptides accumulate in excessive amounts in the brain, they can form plaques, which are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. (more…)

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