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Vicious cycle: Changes in brain chemistry sustain obesity

By Guest PostJune 25, 2013Sciencealpha msh, amparo romero, bogdan litvinov, brain cells, brain chemistry, breakdown, brown university, calorie burning, cell, change, chemical called tudca, cycle, diet induced obesity, eduardo a nillni, endoplasmic reticulum, er, gene, high calorie diet, hormone, hormone trh, isin cakir, key enzyme, key proteins, leptin, lifespan researcher, mario perello, nicole cyr, normal weight, obesity, pc2, pomc, pro opiomelanocortin, production, protein processing mechanism, rhode island hospital, ronald stuart, vicious cycle

In a new discovery reported in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, Brown University and Lifespan researchers show that in the brain cells of rats, obesity impedes the production of a hormone that curbs appetite and inspires calorie burning. The root cause appears to be a breakdown in the protein-processing mechanism of the cells. In the lab, the researchers showed they could fix the breakdown with drugs.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — With obesity reaching epidemic levels in some parts of the world, scientists have only begun to understand why it is such a persistent condition. A study in the Journal of Biological Chemistry adds substantially to the story by reporting the discovery of a molecular chain of events in the brains of obese rats that undermined their ability to suppress appetite and to increase calorie burning. (more…)

Lack of Key Enzyme in the Metabolism of Folic Acid Leads to Birth Defects

By Guest PostJanuary 23, 2013Healthanencephaly, austin, birth defects, dean appling, developing embryos, folic acid, folic acid enzyme, formate, gene, human gene, jessica momb, jordan lewandowski, joshua bryant, key enzyme, lack, metabolic pathway, metabolism, mthfd1l, mutation, neural tube defects, point mutation, pregnancy, rebecca fitch, researcher deborah surman, spina bifida, steven vokes, university of texas

AUSTIN, Texas — Researchers at The University of Texas at Austin have discovered that the lack of a critical enzyme in the folic acid metabolic pathway leads to neural tube birth defects in developing embryos.

It has been known for several decades that folic acid supplementation dramatically reduces the incidence of neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, which are among the most common birth defects. In some populations, folic acid supplementation has decreased neural tube defects by as much as 70 percent. (more…)

Altered Gene Tracks RNA Editing in Neurons

By Guest PostDecember 26, 2011Scienceadar, brown university, disease, DNA, engineered gene, epilepsy, errors, fluorescent readout, fruit flies, gene expression, glowing green indicator, jellyfish gene, key enzyme, key step, kyle jay, living organisms, mental retardation, molecular biology, molecular reporter, moth, nervous system, radar, rna, rna repair, robert reenan, rube goldberg, schizophrenia, stop codon, suicidal depression, t a g, t g g, ultraviolet light, yannis a savva

*RNA editing is a key step in gene expression. Scientists at Brown University report in Nature Methods that they have engineered a gene capable of visually displaying the activity of the key enzyme ADAR in living fruit flies.*

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — To track what they can’t see, pilots look to the green glow of the radar screen. Now biologists monitoring gene expression, individual variation, and disease have a glowing green indicator of their own: Brown University biologists have developed a “radar” for tracking ADAR, a crucial enzyme for editing RNA in the nervous system.

The advance gives scientists a way to view when and where ADAR is active in a living animal and how much of it is operating. In experiments in fruit flies described in the journal Nature Methods, the researchers show surprising degrees of individual variation in ADAR’s RNA editing activity in the learning and memory centers of the brains of individual flies. (more…)

CU-Boulder Python Study May Have Implications for Human Heart Health

By Guest PostOctober 29, 2011Health, Sciencebeneficial growth of heart cells, blood of burmese pythons, blood plasma, bloodstreams, brooke harrison, cardiac health, cardio protective enzyme, cecilia riquelme, cyclist, fatty acids, fed python blood plasma, genetic heart diseases, healthy heart growth, heart disease conditions in humans, hiberna corp, human heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, jason magida, key enzyme, lance armstrong, leslie leinwand, main constituent of natural fats and oils, metabolism, michael phelps, mini pumps, olympic swimmer, plasma, pythons, sudden death in young athletes, tom cech, triglycerides, university of colorado boulder

A surprising new University of Colorado Boulder study shows that huge amounts of fatty acids circulating in the bloodstreams of feeding pythons promote healthy heart growth, results that may have implications for treating human heart disease.

CU-Boulder Professor Leslie Leinwand and her research team found the amount of triglycerides — the main constituent of natural fats and oils — in the blood of Burmese pythons one day after eating increased by more than fiftyfold. Despite the massive amount of fatty acids in the python bloodstream there was no evidence of fat deposition in the heart, and the researchers also saw an increase in the activity of a key enzyme known to protect the heart from damage. (more…)

Tag Archives: key enzyme

Vicious cycle: Changes in brain chemistry sustain obesity

Lack of Key Enzyme in the Metabolism of Folic Acid Leads to Birth Defects

Altered Gene Tracks RNA Editing in Neurons

CU-Boulder Python Study May Have Implications for Human Heart Health