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Glucose ‘control switch’ in the brain key to both types of diabetes

By Guest PostAugust 14, 2014Healthabusir el meleq, current rate, enzyme, erbgut von mumien, glucose, hypothalamus, insulin, jenny roberts, nil in mittelaegypten, pieces of tangier, sabrina diano, sinking tangier island, structures, type 2 diabetes

Researchers at Yale School of Medicine have pinpointed a mechanism in part of the brain that is key to sensing glucose levels in the blood, linking it to both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The findings are published in the July 28 issue of Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences.

“We’ve discovered that the prolyl endopeptidase enzyme — located in a part of the hypothalamus known as the ventromedial nucleus — sets a series of steps in motion that control glucose levels in the blood,” said lead author Sabrina Diano, professor in the Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Comparative Medicine, and Neurobiology at Yale School of Medicine. “Our findings could eventually lead to new treatments for diabetes.” (more…)

Cause of genetic disorder found in “dark matter” of DNA

By Guest PostNovember 18, 2013Healthblood, cause, cell, dark matter, disease, DNA, genetic disorder, glucose, junk dna, mike weedon, pancreatic agenesis, pancreatic beta cells, professor andrew hattersley, ptf1a regulatory region, regulating level, sugar, type 1 diabetes, university of exeter

For the first time, scientists have used new technology which analyses the whole genome to find the cause of a genetic disease in what was previously referred to as “junk DNA”.

Pancreatic agenesis results in babies being born without a pancreas, leaving them with a lifetime of diabetes and problems digesting food.

In a breakthrough for genetic research, teams led by the University of Exeter Medical School and Imperial College London found that the condition is most commonly caused by mutations in a newly identified gene regulatory element in a remote part of the genome, which can now be explored thanks to advances in genetic sequencing. (more…)

Bittersweet: Bait-Averse Cockroaches Shudder at Sugar

By Guest PostJune 9, 2013Nature, Scienceayako wada katsumata, behavior, behavioral resistance, bittersweet, coby schal, cockroaches, entomologist, genetic changes, german cockroaches, glucose, glucose averse roaches, jules silverman, loss of function, memory, mutations, normal cockroaches, north Carolina, paraglossae, receptor neurons, roach bait poison, state university, sugar, types of food

Sugar isn’t always sweet to German cockroaches, especially to the ones that avoid roach baits.

In a study published May 24 in the journal Science, North Carolina State University entomologists show the neural mechanism behind the aversion to glucose, the simple sugar that is a popular ingredient in roach-bait poison. Glucose sets off bitter receptors in roach taste buds, causing roaches to avoid foods that bring on this taste-bud reaction. This aversion has a genetic basis and it eventually spreads to offspring, resulting in increasingly large groups of cockroaches that reject glucose and any baits made with it.

In normal German cockroaches, glucose elicits activity in sugar gustatory receptor neurons, which react when exposed to sugars like glucose and fructose – components of corn syrup, a common roach-bait ingredient. Generally, roaches have a sweet tooth for these sugars. (more…)

Injectable Nano-Network Controls Blood Sugar in Diabetics for Days at a Time

By Guest PostMay 20, 2013Sciencealginate, blood sugar, blood sugar levels, bloodstream, chitosan, closed loop system, daniel anderson, dextran, diabetes patients, diabetes treatment, gluconic acid, glucose, glucose oxidase enzymes, hormone, injectable nano network, injection, insulin, massachusetts institute, material, nanoparticle cores, nanoscale particles, network, north Carolina, robert langer, seaweed, shrimp shells, state university, Technology, type 1 diabetes, unc chapel, zhen gu

In a promising development for diabetes treatment, researchers have developed a network of nanoscale particles that can be injected into the body and release insulin when blood-sugar levels rise, maintaining normal blood sugar levels for more than a week in animal-based laboratory tests. The work was done by researchers at North Carolina State University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Children’s Hospital Boston.

“We’ve created a ‘smart’ system that is injected into the body and responds to changes in blood sugar by releasing insulin, effectively controlling blood-sugar levels,” says Dr. Zhen Gu, lead author of a paper describing the work and an assistant professor in the joint biomedical engineering program at NC State and UNC Chapel Hill. “We’ve tested the technology in mice, and one injection was able to maintain blood sugar levels in the normal range for up to 10 days.” (more…)

Shaking out Sugars

By Guest PostNovember 23, 2012Healthamericans, blood lipids, caloric intake, corn, diabetes researcher, dietary sugar, endocrinologist, fructose, fruit sugar, glucose, hfcs, high, john bantle, minnesota, mixture, Pizza, sucrose, sugar consumption, syrup, university

A diabetes researcher’s take on dietary sugar

With all the talk these days about fructose, glucose, sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup, and sugar in general, it can be hard for a health-conscious person to sort out the truth.

“A lot of people are putting out their ideas as established fact,” says diabetes researcher and endocrinologist John Bantle, M.D., a professor of medicine at the University of Minnesota. “It’s hard to find the actual facts and then to interpret them.”

Bottom line: Too much sugar is bad, if only for the excess calories. But the story isn’t quite so simple. (more…)

Evolution is as Complicated as 1-2-3

By Guest PostSeptember 20, 2012Scienceanalysis, bacteria, bacterial evolution, biological function, citrate, citrate molecule, DNA, e coli, evolution, function, genomics, glucose, jeff barrick, michigan, module, mutation, mutational piece, organism, oxygen, potentiation, puzzle, richard lenski, state university, traditional diet, zachary blount

EAST LANSING, Mich. — A team of researchers at Michigan State University has documented the step-by-step process in which organisms evolve new functions.

The results, published in the current issue of Nature, are revealed through an in-depth, genomics-based analysis that decodes how E. coli bacteria figured out how to supplement a traditional diet of glucose with an extra course of citrate. (more…)

Scientists Dramatically Reduce Plaque-Forming Substances in Mice with Alzheimer’s Disease

By Guest PostSeptember 8, 2012Sciencea beta peptides, ajaya kunwar, alzheimer's disease, amp kinase, ampk, amyloid beta, amyloid precursor protein, app, chemical reaction, chhavy tep, cognitive decline, compound, cycle, dong ju park, endoplasmic reticulum, enzyme, er, fat, genetic manipulation, glucose, jae cheon ryu, jnk3, metabolism, mice, mouse brain, mtor pathway, ohio state university, proteins, reduction, rna expression, sung ok yoon, symptom, tae hee lim, type 2 diabetes, yong jae shin

COLUMBUS, Ohio – Scientists have found that eliminating an enzyme from mice with symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease leads to a 90 percent reduction in the compounds responsible for formation of the plaques linked to Alzheimer’s disease.

That is the most dramatic reduction in this compound reported to date in published research.

The compounds are amyloid beta, or A-beta peptides; peptides are proteins, but are shorter in length. When A-beta peptides accumulate in excessive amounts in the brain, they can form plaques, which are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. (more…)

A Fragrant New Biofuel

By Guest PostMarch 16, 2012Environmentadvanced biofuel, agricultural waste, alkene hydrocarbon, bacteria, berkeley lab, biofuels, biofuels industry, cellulosic biomass, chemical compound, degree of unsaturation, diesel, e coli, edward baidoo, ee been goh, escherichia coli, fatty acid, flavor, fragrance, fuel molecule, fuel properties, gasoline, genetic modification, glucose, harry beller, jay keasling, jbei, jet fuel, lynn yarris, methyl ketone, microbial production, octane, perennial grasses, plant cell, renewable fuel, synthesis, tridecanone, undecanone

*JBEI Researchers Develop a New Candidate for a Cleaner, Greener and Renewable Diesel Fuel*

A class of chemical compounds best known today for fragrance and flavor may one day provide the clean, green and renewable fuel with which truck and auto drivers fill their tanks. Researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI) have engineered Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria to generate significant quantities of methyl ketone compounds from glucose. In subsequent tests, these methyl ketones yielded high cetane numbers – a diesel fuel rating comparable to the octane number for gasoline – making them strong candidates for the production of advanced biofuels.

“Our findings add to the list of naturally occurring chemical compounds that could serve as biofuels, which means more flexibility and options for the biofuels industry,” says Harry Beller, a JBEI microbiologist who led this study. “We’re especially encouraged by our finding that it is possible to increase the methyl ketone titer production of E. coli more than 4,000-fold with a relatively small number of genetic modifications.” (more…)

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