Tag Archives: university of chicago

Songbirds’ Brains Coordinate Singing with Intricate Timing, Study Shows

By Guest PostMarch 2, 2013Nature, Scienceactivity, ana amador, anatomy, aphasia, avian vocal organ, basic motor functions, brain, buenos aires, control vocalizations, coordinate singing, coordinating human speech, daniel margoliash, disorder, dynamics of movement, feedback, gabriel mindlin, highly skilled behavior, howard nusbaum, human brain, human speech production, model, neuroscientist, premotor cortical neurons, single neurons, song, song system, songbird, songs of birds, speech, speech problems, stroke, stuttering, syrinx, timing, university, university of chicago, vocal signals, yonatan sanz perl, zebra finches

Research may help explain how human brain governs speech

As a bird sings, some neurons in its brain prepare to make the next sounds while others are synchronized with the current notes—a coordination of physical actions and brain activity that is needed to produce complex movements, new research at the University of Chicago shows.

In an article in the current issue of Nature, neuroscientist Daniel Margoliash and colleagues show, for the first time, how the brain is organized to govern skilled performance—a finding that may lead to new ways of understanding human speech production. (more…)

Higgs Boson Discussion Launches UChicago Discovery Series

By Guest PostFebruary 20, 2013Education, Science17 miles, accelerator, aircraft, argonne physicist, atlas, calibrate, cern physics laboratory, circumference, critical mass, david logan center, detector, donald levy, elementary particles, fermi, gigantic machines, higgs boson, high energy physics, internet, Large Hadron Collider, lch, lightening arresters, louis block professor, marcela carena, mark oreglia, mass, national accelerator laboratory, particle, particle beams, patricia mcbride, physics, protocol for communicating, sterilize milk cartons, switzerland, theoretical physicists, time, tom lecompte, toroidal lhc apparatus, uchicago discovery series, universe, university of chicago, virtual audience, young kee kim

The long-sought Higgs boson—the particle that endows all elementary particles in the universe with mass—was elusive no longer when scientists at the CERN physics laboratory in Switzerland, discovered it last summer.

The July 4, 2012 announcement of the discovery appealed to both the general public and the media: Fifty-five media organizations and more than one billion television viewers made it an event that couldn’t be missed. Time even dubbed the Higgs boson “Particle of the Year.” (more…)

Madeleine Albright Chats with Henry Paulson about Career, Foreign Policy

By Guest PostFebruary 17, 2013Politicsafghanistan, albright capital management, albright stonebridge group, american involvement, arab leaders, best decision making, Britain, central, China, chinese embassy, co ed, conflict in bosnia, decision-making, do ability doctrine, eastern europe, economic, environmental challenges, foreign policy issues, france, global strategy firm, investment advisory firm, jon huntsman, madeleine albright, medal of freedom, multilateralism, munich agreement, native czechoslovakia, nazi germany, no fly zone, paulson institute, president barack obama, president bill clinton, presidential, robert b zoellick, secretary of state, soviet union, state department, syria, united states, university of chicago, US, us government history, us treasury secretary, world affairs, world bank, world war, years of communism

Former U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright told an audience at the University of Chicago that her worldview was shaped early in life, when she witnessed the impact the United States had during and immediately following World War II.

Albright explained how terrible things happened to her native Czechoslovakia, when Britain and France signed the Munich Agreement in 1938, allowing Nazi Germany to annex parts of Czechoslovakia without its consent. Only when the United States entered World War II did Czechoslovakia’s plight improve. However, after the war, when the United States and its allies allowed the Soviet Union to liberate Central and Eastern Europe, it led to 50 years of communism. (more…)

Internet Banging: Gangs Use Social Media to Trade Insults, Threats

By Guest PostJanuary 31, 2013Culture, Technologycrimes, desmond patton, dirk butler, Facebook, gang members, gangs, hip hop music, homicide, insults, internet banging, male dominated behaviour, phenomenon, public forum, robert eschmann, social media, social media behaviour, threats, Twitter, university of chicago, university of michigan, urban masculinity, urban youth, violence, voice, YouTube

ANN ARBOR — Gangs now occupy two spaces: the streets and the Internet.

A new University of Michigan study reports that, in addition to carrying guns, gang members have armed themselves with social media sites such as Twitter, Facebook and YouTube to incite dares, trade insults or make threats that may result in homicide or other crimes.

Researchers have described this new interaction as “Internet banging.” They examine several factors, including the role of hip-hop music in this phenomenon and urban masculinity’s influence on social media behavior. (more…)

Moscow Legislators Visit Chicago Harris to Learn about U.S. Governance

By Guest PostJanuary 3, 2013Politicsamerican elections, american political parties, andrey ambartsumov, center for tax, Chicago, chris berry, city of chicago, cook county, democratic institutions, george palamattam, harris school, maksim motim, marc farinella, moscow, municipal council deputies, natalya chernysheva, objective, open world program, paula worthington, political system, public policy, russian legislators, scott allard, skokie, united states, university of chicago, vladimir garnachuk, washington d.c., william howell, yekaterina kalatskaya

Five Russian legislators visited the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy recently to learn about American elections and democratic institutions from Chicago Harris faculty and students.

The Chicago Harris stop on Dec. 3 kicked off a weeklong trip for the delegates to Washington D.C. and Chicago as part of the congressionally sponsored Open World Program. The goal was to expose the legislators, who are all municipal council deputies in Moscow, to American best practices in local governance. (more…)

New Study Finds Consumption Measures Poverty Better than Income

By Guest PostAugust 20, 2012Economyanti poverty programs, bruce d meyer, child tax credit, consumption, government spending, income based poverty, james x sullivan, neediest americans, policymaker, poverty indicator, poverty measure, supplemental poverty measure, tax credit, u.s. census bureau, university of chicago

The U.S. Census Bureau should reconsider income-based poverty measures in favor of a consumption-based method, according to a new study that strives to more accurately identify the neediest Americans.

The report found that the official poverty rate and the Census Bureau’s new Supplemental Poverty Measure—both of which are income-based—do not gauge the extent of poverty as well as a method based on real purchasing ability. Bruce D. Meyer, the McCormick Foundation Professor at the University of Chicago’s Harris School of Public Policy, co-authored the study with James X. Sullivan of the University of Notre Dame. (more…)

NSF’s South Pole Telescope Discovers a Galaxy Cluster Creating Stars at a Record Pace

By Guest PostAugust 16, 2012Scienceantarctic program, Antarctica, big bang, black hole, blanco 4 meter, bradford benson, chandra, Chile, cmb, cosmic microwave background, earth, energy, galaxy cluster, hubble fellow, john carlstrom, light year, magellan telescope, michael mcdonald, NASA, national science foundation, nsf, phoenix cluster, radiation, radio telescope, south pole telescope, spt, spt clj2344-4243, sunyaev zeldovich, sz effect, university of chicago, xray observatory

Researchers say Phoenix Cluster activity may cause scientists to rethink how galaxies evolve

A National Science Foundation-funded radio telescope in Antarctica has found an extraordinary galaxy cluster that may force astronomers to rethink how galaxy clusters and the galaxies that inhabit them evolve.

The galaxy cluster was discovered some 5.7 billion light years from Earth by the 10-meter wide South Pole Telescope (SPT) located at NSF’s Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica, which is funded by NSF’s Office of Polar Programs. (more…)

Mass Extinctions Reset the Long-Term Pace of Evolution

By Guest PostJuly 3, 2012Scienceandrew z krug, animal kingdom, birth rate, bivalve, chicago esque, david jablonski, evolution, evolutionary rate, fossil, fossil mollusk, jurassic period, maryland outcrop, mass extinction, oysters, pace of evolution, paleontologist, pleistocene epoch, richard bambach, scallops, species diversification, time boundaries, university of chicago

A new study indicates that mass extinctions affect the pace of evolution, not just in the immediate aftermath of catastrophe, but for millions of years to follow. The study’s authors, University of Chicago’s Andrew Z. Krug and David Jablonski, will publish their findings in the August issue of the journal Geology.

Scientists expected to see an evolutionary explosion immediately following a mass extinction, but Krug and Jablonski’s findings go far beyond that.

“There’s some general sense that the event happens, there’s some aftermath and then things return to normal,” said Krug, a research scientist in geophysical sciences at UChicago. But in reality, Krug said, “Things don’t return to what they were before. They operate at a different pace, sometimes more rapidly, other times more slowly. Evolutionary rates shift, and that shift is permanent until the next mass extinction.” (more…)