Tag Archives: national science foundation

Researchers ‘Print’ Polymers That Bend Into 3-D Shapes

By Guest PostMarch 14, 2012Science3d shape, amherst, christian santangelo, daryl hess, national science foundation, photographic techniques, photolithography, photomask, polymer, robotics, ryan hayward, three-dimensional, two dimensional sheets, ultraviolet light, university of massachusetts, uv

*Technique could be used to direct growth of blood vessels or tissues in the laboratory*

Christian Santangelo, Ryan Hayward and colleagues at the University of Massachusetts Amherst recently employed photographic techniques and polymer science to develop a new technique for printing two-dimensional sheets of polymers that can fold into three-dimensional shapes when water is added. The technique may lead to wide ranging practical applications from medicine to robotics

The journal Science publishes the research in its March 9 issue. (more…)

Evolution of Earliest Horses Driven by Climate Change

By Guest PostFebruary 24, 2012Environment, Nature, Scienceaaron wood, atmosphere, bighorn basin, body size, cabin fork area, carbon, carbon dioxide, cause and effect, climate model, clydesdale, concentration, doug boyer, dwarfing phenomenon, earliest horse, evolution, florida museum of natural history, fossil, geochemical analysis, global temperature, h richard lane, horse teeth, industrial revolution, jonathan bloch, mammal, national science foundation, natural selection, North America, nsf, ocean, ornithologist, oxygen levels, paleocene-eocene thermal maximum, petm, prediction, ross secord, sifrhippus sandae, stephen chester, temperature, university of florida, university of nebraska lincoln, worland, yale

*The hotter it gets, the smaller the animal?*

When Sifrhippus sandae, the earliest known horse, first appeared in the forests of North America more than 50 million years ago, it would not have been mistaken for a Clydesdale.

It weighed in at around 12 pounds–and it was destined to get much smaller over the ensuing millennia.

Sifrhippus lived during the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), a 175,000-year interval of time some 56 million years ago in which average global temperatures rose by about 10 degrees Fahrenheit. (more…)

3-D Laser Map Shows Earthquake Zone Before and After

By Guest PostFebruary 10, 2012Science2010 mexicali earthquake, 3d post earthquake image, agricultural fields, arizona state university, austin elliott, borrego fault, China, colorado river, colorado river delta, crust, data, davis, desert floor, earth science, earthquake, earthquake zone, earthscope, fault, fault behavior, fault rupture, fault surface ruptures, floodplain, geologist, greg anderson, indiviso fault, jing liu zeng, john fletcher, ken hudnut, laser pulses, lidar, light detection and ranging, magnitude, mexicali, Mexico, michael oskin, multi fault earthquake, national science foundation, ncalm, off fault deformation, orlando teran, pescadores fault, peter gold, post earthquake topography, pre earthquake, ramon arrowsmith, ridge, rock sample, san andreas, scarp, seismic hazard, seismic wave, united states, university of california

*Geologists learn how earthquakes change the landscape — down to a few inches*

Geologists have a new tool to study how earthquakes change the landscape–down to a few inches. It’s giving scientists insights into how earthquake faults behave.

In this week’s issue of the journal Science, a team of scientists from the United States, Mexico and China reports the most comprehensive before-and-after picture yet of an earthquake zone, using data from the magnitude 7.2 event that struck near Mexicali, Mexico, in April 2010. (more…)

Why Bad Immunity Genes Survive

By Guest PostFebruary 10, 2012Health, Scienceankylosing spondylitis, antagonistic co evolution, antibiotics, arms race, autoimmune diseases, bacteria, cells, cornelius whitney hyzer, gene, genetics, george gilchrist, germs, immune system, infection, infectious diseases, james ruff, jason kubinak, major histocompatibility complex, mhc, mhc variants, mhcs, mice, national science foundation, parasite, pathogens, patricia slev, people, protein, university of utah, variant, vertebrate animals, virus, wayne potts

*Study implicates “arms race” between genes and germs*

Biologists have found new evidence of why mice, people and other vertebrate animals carry thousands of varieties of genes to make immune-system proteins named MHCs–even though some of those genes make vertebrate animals susceptible to infections and to autoimmune diseases.

“Major histocompatibility complex” (MHC) proteins are found on the surfaces of most cells in vertebrate animals. They distinguish proteins like themselves from foreign proteins, and trigger an immune response against these foreign invaders. (more…)

Global Extinction: Gradual Doom as Bad as Abrupt

By Guest PostFebruary 8, 2012Environment, Sciencebrooks ellwood, canadian arctic, carbon dioxide, charles henderson, coal deposit, dead zone, earth, ellesmere island, extinction, factor, fossil, geologic history, geology, global extinction, greenhouse, greenhouse gas, h richard lane, harry rowe, indian ocean, katherine freeman, marine life, mass extinction, national science foundation, ocean, permian period, permian triassic boundary, sedimentary rock, siberian traps, siberian volcanic activity, south china, steven bates, tethys, the great dying, thomas algeo, timothy lyons, united states, university of calgary, university of cincinnati, volcanic deposit, volcanic rock, volcanism in siberia, warming, west blind fiord

*In “The Great Dying” 250 million years ago, the end came slowly*

The deadliest mass extinction of all took a long time to kill 90 percent of Earth’s marine life–and it killed in stages–according to a newly published report.

It shows that mass extinctions need not be sudden events.

Thomas Algeo, a geologist at the University of Cincinnati, and 13 colleagues have produced a high-resolution look at the geology of a Permian-Triassic boundary section on Ellesmere Island in the Canadian Arctic. (more…)

Prehistoric Predators with Supersized Teeth Had Beefier Arm Bones

By Guest PostJanuary 4, 2012Sciencearm bones, barbourofelids, carnivores, catlike cousins, chicken and egg question, colossal canines, cross section, dimensions of the teeth, durham, environmental challenges, extinct cats, extinct predators, fangs, Julie Meachen, meat eaters, museum specimen, national science foundation, NESCent, nimravids, north Carolina, saber toothed cats, Saber toothed tigers, saran twombly, toothiest prehistoric predators

*Combination of colossal canines and forceful forelimbs arose repeatedly over time*

The toothiest prehistoric predators also had beefier arm bones, according to results of a study published today in the journal Paleobiology.

Saber-toothed tigers may come to mind, but these extinct cats weren’t the only animals with fearsome fangs.

Take the false saber-toothed cats–also known as nimravids–and their catlike cousins, a family of carnivores called the barbourofelids. (more…)

Badwater Basin: Death Valley Microbe Thrives There

By Guest PostDecember 30, 2011Sciencebadwater basin, basin, bw 1, chemistry of the environment, christopher lefevre, david pignol, death valley national park, dennis bazylinski, enriqueta barrera, greigite, greigite producing bacterium, iron oxide, magnetic bacteria, magnetic properties, magnetite, magnetite producing bacteria, microbial magnetism, minerals, nano sized crystals, nanotech, national science foundation, nevada, nicolas menguy of pierre, novel biotech, precious metals, silver state, sulfate reducing bacteria, university of aix marseille, university of nevada las vegas, unlv

*Discovery may lead to novel biotech and nanotech uses*

Nevada, the “Silver State,” is well-known for mining precious metals.

But scientists Dennis Bazylinski and colleagues at the University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV) do a different type of mining.

They sluice through every water body they can find, looking for new forms of microbial magnetism.

In a basin named Badwater on the edge of Death Valley National Park, Bazylinski and researcher Christopher Lefèvre hit pay dirt. (more…)

United States Ranks 20th in Holiday Spending

By Guest PostDecember 25, 2011Economy20th largest, americans, amount of holiday gift giving, december, gross domestic product, joel waldfogel, national science foundation, satisfaction, scroogenomics, somebody, spending, u.s economy, university of minnesota

*Americans typically spend $70 billion more in December than in November and January*

Americans typically spend $70 billion more in December than in the average of November and January (the months around December). In a recent National Science Foundation-sponsored interview, Joel Waldfogel, the Carlson School’s Frederick R. Kappel Professor of Applied Economics at the University of Minnesota uses that increase to measure the amount of holiday gift-giving. This level of spending is lower than in other countries. “We’re about the 20th largest in terms of countries in the world,” said Waldfogel, referencing how much U.S. December spending increases. (more…)