Tag Archives: arizona state university

Meeressäuger brachten die Tuberkulose in die Neue Welt

By Guest PostAugust 25, 2014Scienceafrika, amerika, apfel, arizona state university, brown revolution, medizinstudierende, neue welt, rebuilding soils, stamm, third generation, ulrich tran, universitaet tuebingen, valentina vitali

Forscher der Universität Tübingen entdecken bei genetischen Analysen von 1.000-jährigen Skeletten aus Peru Hinweise auf frühe Übertragung der Infektion von Robben auf Menschen

Die Tuberkulose ist offenbar nicht von den spanischen Eroberern, sondern zuvor bereits von Meeressäugern nach Amerika eingeschleppt worden. Wie ein internationales Forscherteam, koordiniert durch Professor Johannes Krause vom Institut für Naturwissenschaftliche Archäologie der Universität Tübingen, feststellen konnte, kam der Erreger deutlich vor der Ankunft der Europäer in die Neue Welt. Wahrscheinlich wurden die ersten Tuberkulosebakterien von Seelöwen und Robben auf Menschen in Südamerika übertragen. Darauf deutet die Analyse von rund 1.000 Jahre alten Skeletten hin. Darüber hinaus fanden die Forscher Hinweise darauf, dass sich die gefährliche Infektionskrankheit vermutlich erst vor rund 6.000 Jahren entwickelte. Die Forschungsergebnisse werden diese Woche von der Fachzeitschrift Nature online vorab veröffentlicht. (more…)

In the eye of a chicken, a new state of matter comes into view

By Guest PostMarch 4, 2014Sciencearizona state university, chicken, crystal, density of particles, disordered hyperuniformity, eye, frank stillinger, joseph corbo, light waves, liquid, princeton university, remi dreyfus, salvatore torquato, state of matter, yang jiao

Along with eggs, soup and rubber toys, the list of the chicken’s most lasting legacies may eventually include advanced materials such as self-organizing colloids, or optics that can transmit light with the efficiency of a crystal and the flexibility of a liquid.

The unusual arrangement of cells in a chicken’s eye constitutes the first known biological occurrence of a potentially new state of matter known as “disordered hyperuniformity,” according to researchers from Princeton University and Washington University in St. Louis. Research in the past decade has shown that disordered hyperuniform materials have unique properties when it comes to transmitting and controlling light waves, the researchers report in the journal Physical Review E. (more…)

Blind(fold)ed by Science: Study Shows the Strategy Humans Use to Chase Objects

By Guest PostAugust 2, 2013Sciencearizona state university, blindfolded, brain, charles swank, dennis shaffer, eric mcmanama, motion capture equipment, moving object, polymodal

Vision and Hearing Work Together in the Brain to Help Us Catch a Moving Target

COLUMBUS, Ohio — A new study has found that chasing down a moving object is not only a matter of sight or of sound, but of mind.

The study found that people who are blindfolded employ the same strategy to intercept a running ball carrier as people who can see, which suggests that multiple areas of the brain cooperate to accomplish the task.

Regardless of whether they could see or not, the study participants seemed to aim ahead of the ball carrier’s trajectory and then run to the spot where they expected him or her to be in the near future. Researchers call this a “constant target-heading angle” strategy, similar to strategies used by dogs catching Frisbees and baseball players catching fly balls. (more…)

Individual Donation Amounts Drop When Givers Are in Groups, Says MU Researcher

By Guest PostApril 30, 2013Culture, Scienceanthropologist, arizona state university, bystander effect, central european university, charitable organizations, charity donations, joan silk, karthik panchanathan, new york post, phenomenon, pro self, pro social, pro social individual, social factors, university of missouri, willem e frankenhuis

COLUMBIA, Mo. — In December of last year the New York Post published images of a man about to be killed by a train while several bystanders did little to help him. Numerous studies have provided evidence that people are less likely to help when in groups, a phenomenon known as the “bystander effect.” Those studies examined situations where only one person was needed to take action to help another. A University of Missouri anthropologist recently found that even when multiple individuals can contribute to a common cause, the presence of others reduces an individual’s likelihood of helping. This research has numerous applications, including possibly guiding the fundraising strategies of charitable organizations.

“In our study, individuals who didn’t want to share money tended to influence others to not share money,” said Karthik Panchanathan, assistant professor of anthropology in the College of Arts and Science. “We don’t know what psychological mechanism caused that, but perhaps potential givers did not want to be ‘suckers,’ who gave up their money while someone else got away with giving nothing. Selfish behavior in others may have given individuals an opportunity to escape any moral obligation to share that they might have felt.” (more…)

Curiosity Mars Rover Sees Trend in Water Presence

By Guest PostMarch 20, 2013Sciencealuminum, apxs, arizona state university, basalt like proportions, calibration target, curiosity mars rover, dan, drilled rock, evidence, hydrated minerals, iron, iron bearing rocks, jim bell, knorr rock, magnesium, mars, mast camera, mastcam, maxim litvak, melissa rice, mudstone rock, NASA, silicon, trend, veins, water bearing minerals, water presence, yellowknife bay

THE WOODLANDS, Texas – NASA’s Mars rover Curiosity has seen evidence of water-bearing minerals in rocks near where it had already found clay minerals inside a drilled rock.

Last week, the rover’s science team announced that analysis of powder from a drilled mudstone rock on Mars indicates past environmental conditions that were favorable for microbial life. Additional findings presented on March 18 at a news briefing at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in The Woodlands, Texas, suggest those conditions extended beyond the site of the drilling. (more…)

Emerging Consensus Shows Climate Change Already Having Major Effects on Ecosystems and Species

By Guest PostDecember 22, 2012Environment, Natureamanda staudt, animal species, arizona state university, atlantic, bark beetles, biodiversity, bird population, bruce stein, carbon, climate change, coastal habitat, diversity of species, ecological systems, ecological tolerance, ecosystems, extinction, food source, gulf of mexico, human caused stressors, marine fish, mary ruckelshaus, michelle staudinger, migrating birds, nancy grimm, natural resource, pacific coast, peter kareiva, plant, pollution, rainfall, risk, shawn carter, stuart chapin, tempe, U.S. Geological Survey, united states, waterborne disease, wildlife

Plant and animal species are shifting their geographic ranges and the timing of their life events – such as flowering, laying eggs or migrating – at faster rates than researchers documented just a few years ago, according to a technical report on biodiversity and ecosystems used as scientific input for the 2013 Third National Climate Assessment.

The report, Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity, Ecosystems, and Ecosystem Services, synthesizes the scientific understanding of the way climate change is affecting ecosystems, ecosystem services and the diversity of species, as well as what strategies might be used by natural resource practitioners to decrease current and future risks. More than 60 federal, academic and other scientists, including the lead authors from the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Wildlife Federation and Arizona State University in Tempe, authored the assessment. (more…)

Mars Panorama: Next Best Thing to Being There

By Guest PostJuly 7, 2012Sciencearizona state university, cornell university, endeavour crater, greeley haven, jim bell, mars exploration rover, mars odyssey orbiter, mars panorama, mars pathfinder, martian winter, NASA, opportunity, pancam, ron greeley, steve squyres

PASADENA, Calif. — From fresh rover tracks to an impact crater blasted billions of years ago, a newly completed view from the panoramic camera (Pancam) on NASA’s Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity shows the ruddy terrain around the outcrop where the long-lived explorer spent its most recent Martian winter.

This scene recorded from the mast-mounted color camera includes the rover’s own solar arrays and deck in the foreground, providing a sense of sitting on top of the rover and taking in the view. Its release this week coincides with two milestones: Opportunity completing its 3,000th Martian day on July 2, and NASA continuing past 15 years of robotic presence at Mars. Mars Pathfinder landed July 4, 1997. NASA’s Mars Global Surveyor orbiter reached the planet while Pathfinder was still active, and Global Surveyor overlapped the active missions of the Mars Odyssey orbiter and Opportunity, both still in service. (more…)

Software You Can Eat: College Students Build Tool to Feed the Hungry

By Guest PostApril 24, 2012Technologyacer laptop, arizona state university, brigham young university, carnegie mellon university, cloud computing, drexel dragons, drexel university, ecstatic, elated, eric lehnhardt, excited, flashfood, food deserts, game design, hungry, imagine cup, jake irvin, katelyn keberle, kinect, legendairy, mark hindsbo, math dash, Microsoft, mobile, nokia lumia 800, redmond campus, silverlight, software design, steven hernandez, stunned, team dr fishbowl, team flashfood, Technology, us imagine cup, visual studio, windows 8, windows azure award, windows phone, xbox game

A team of Arizona State University Students won the U.S. Imagine Cup’s Software Design category with a program that takes uneaten restaurant and catered event meals and reroutes it to nearby families that would otherwise go without.

REDMOND, Wash. — A team of students from Arizona State University aims to use Microsoft technology to get uneaten meals from restaurants and catered events to nearby families who would otherwise go hungry.

Team FlashFood with its solution, FlashFood, was the winning team in the prestigious software design category at Microsoft’s U.S. Imagine Cup finals on Monday. The team will advance to compete in the Imagine Cup 2012 Worldwide finals in Sydney, Australia July 6-10. (more…)