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Mystery Solved: How Nerve Impulse Generators Get Where They Need to Go

By Guest PostJanuary 20, 2014Health, Scienceankyrin g, axons, body, brain, cell, central nervous system, chen gu, disease, electrical signaling, joshua barry, key protein, kinesin 1, molecular motor, motor protein, multiple sclerosis, mystery solved, nerve cell bodies, nerve impulse, nerve impulse generators, neurological disorders, neuron, nodes of ranvier, ohio state university, parkinson's, peter jukkola, potassium ion channel, protein, sodium ion channel, spinal cord, symptom, yuanzheng g

Study identifies essential molecule for transport of protein from neuron cell body to axon

COLUMBUS, Ohio – Scientists have solved a longstanding mystery of the central nervous system, showing how a key protein gets to the right spot to launch electrical impulses that enable communication of nerve signals to and from the brain.

Nerve impulses are critical because they are required for neurons to send information about senses, movement, thinking and feeling to other cell types in the neural circuitry. And an impulse is not fired up just once; it is initiated and then must be repeatedly transmitted along axons – long, slender extensions of nerve cell bodies – to keep the nervous system’s messages stable during their rapid travel. (more…)

Minorities and poor have more advanced thyroid cancers when diagnosed, UCLA study shows

By Guest PostJanuary 15, 2014Healthavital harari, black patients, disease, earlier treatments, economic brackets, michael yeh, minority patients, morbidity, mortality risk, ning li, racial groups, socioeconomic status, survival rates, thyroid cancer, ucla researchers

Black patients fare worst; Asians, Hispanics survive longest with disease

UCLA researchers have found that minority patients and those of lower socioeconomic status are far more likely to have advanced thyroid cancer when they are diagnosed with the disease than white patients and those in higher economic brackets.

In one of the most comprehensive studies of its kind, the UCLA team looked at nearly 26,000 patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer and analyzed the impact of race and socioeconomic factors on the stage of presentation, as well as patient survival rates. (more…)

High-fat diet during puberty speeds up breast cancer development

By Guest PostDecember 23, 2013Healthadult women, aggressive in nature, basal like, breast cancer development, cell growth, disease, environmental risk factors, experimental model, high fat diet, immune cell, mark aupperlee, michigan state university, precancerous lesions, preclinical model, puberty, research project, richard schwartz, risk of cancer, sandra haslam, tumor

New findings show that eating a high-fat diet beginning at puberty speeds up the development of breast cancer and may actually increase the risk of cancer similar to a type often found in younger adult women.

The research comes from the Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program at Michigan State University and is published in the current online issue of Breast Cancer Research. (more…)

Cause of genetic disorder found in “dark matter” of DNA

By Guest PostNovember 18, 2013Healthblood, cause, cell, dark matter, disease, DNA, genetic disorder, glucose, junk dna, mike weedon, pancreatic agenesis, pancreatic beta cells, professor andrew hattersley, ptf1a regulatory region, regulating level, sugar, type 1 diabetes, university of exeter

For the first time, scientists have used new technology which analyses the whole genome to find the cause of a genetic disease in what was previously referred to as “junk DNA”.

Pancreatic agenesis results in babies being born without a pancreas, leaving them with a lifetime of diabetes and problems digesting food.

In a breakthrough for genetic research, teams led by the University of Exeter Medical School and Imperial College London found that the condition is most commonly caused by mutations in a newly identified gene regulatory element in a remote part of the genome, which can now be explored thanks to advances in genetic sequencing. (more…)

Small bits of genetic material fight cancer’s spread

By Guest PostOctober 25, 2013Healthbone fracture, bone lesions, bone metastasis, brian ell, cancer, class of molecules, combat, david waning, disease, extreme pain, gene, genetic material, Germany, hamburg, indiana university, indianapolis, khalid mohammad, micrornas, nerve compression, pathological activity, predictors of metastasis, princeton university, therapeutic target, theresa guise, university cancer center, yibin kang

A class of molecules called microRNAs may offer cancer patients two ways to combat their disease.

Researchers at Princeton University have found that microRNAs — small bits of genetic material capable of repressing the expression of certain genes — may serve as both therapeutic targets and predictors of metastasis, or a cancer’s spread from its initial site to other parts of the body. The research was published in the journal Cancer Cell. (more…)

Scientists sequence genome of ‘sacred lotus,’ which likely holds anti-aging secrets

By Guest PostJune 7, 2013Health, Scienceanti aging secrets, australia, China, chinese academy, corn, crops, crysten blaby haas, disease, evolution, genetic defects, genetic endowment, genetic repair mechanisms, genome, germination defects, human health, humans, jane shen miller, Japan, liaoning province, longevity, molecular biologists, nelumbo nucifera, northeastern china, origin of life, powerful genetic system, rice, robert vanburen, sabeeha merchant, sacred lotus, sciences, scientists, sequence, shaohua li, spiritual purity, symbol, university of Illinois, unusual genetics, urbana-champaign, US, wheat, william schopf, wuhan botanical garden

A team of 70 scientists from the U.S., China, Australia and Japan today reports having sequenced and annotated the genome of the “sacred lotus,” which is believed to have a powerful genetic system that repairs genetic defects, and may hold secrets about aging successfully. The scientists sequenced more than 86 percent of the nearly 27,000 genes of the plant, Nelumbo nucifera, which is revered in China and elsewhere as a symbol of spiritual purity and longevity.

“The lotus genome is an ancient one, and we now know its ABCs,” said Jane Shen-Miller, one of three corresponding authors of the research and a senior scientist with UCLA’s Center for the Study of Evolution and the Origin of Life. “Molecular biologists can now more easily study how its genes are turned on and off during times of stress and why this plant’s seeds can live for 1,300 years. This is a step toward learning what anti-aging secrets the sacred lotus plant may offer.” (more…)

What a difference a 3-D makes

By Guest PostApril 28, 2013Science3d, abdominal, application, cancer patient, canine rehabilitation practitioner, chest problems, ct scans, dan feeney, disease, gauge, kim colvard, kristina kiefer, oregon state, pelvic region, radiologist, recovery, rooftop, Technology, therapy, university of minnesota, unorthodox, veterinary medical center, xrays

3-D CT scans give the U a leg up in spotting veterinary injuries

When Gauge fell from a rooftop a few months ago, he had two strikes against him:

• The ground was five stories down

• He was a dog, not a cat

Rushed to the University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center, Gauge looked like a goner. Even after his internal injuries were tended to, his fractured pelvis loomed like a third strike that would hobble him for life. That’s what it’s like for too many animals, whose veterinary surgeons have only conventional X-rays or a stack of two-dimensional CT scans to guide them as they go into surgery. (more…)

Stemming Russia’s HIV Epidemic

By Guest PostMarch 21, 2013Healthblood borne pathogens, bmc public health, clean syringes, disease, district level, drug users, factor, hiv epidemic, hiv prevalence, hiv-positive, pharmacies, public health, public health sector, robert heimer, russia, sex partners, social costs, social structures, st. petersburg, state university, transmission, unsafe injection practices, virus, yale school

Clean Syringes Often Unavailable in St. Petersburg, YSPH Research Finds

Russia’s HIV epidemic is among the fastest growing in the world and injection drug users who often share needles and other supplies are hardest hit. This occurs even though pharmacies are a legal source for clean syringes and can sell them without restriction.

A recent study led by the Yale School of Public Health and St. Petersburg State University mapped the city’s 965 pharmacies and compared their locations and density to HIV prevalence at the district level. (more…)

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