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The universe is getting hot, hot, hot, a new study suggests

By Guest PostDecember 1, 2020Sciencedark matter, galaxy clusters, global pattern, gravity, hot, jim peebles, redshift, temperature, universe, yi kuan chiang

Temperature has increased about 10-fold over the last 10 billion years

The universe is getting hotter, a new study has found.

The study, published Oct. 13 in the Astrophysical Journal, probed the thermal history of the universe over the last 10 billion years. It found that the mean temperature of gas across the universe has increased more than 10 times over that time period and reached about 2 million degrees Kelvin today — approximately 4 million degrees Fahrenheit. (more…)

Extinctions during human era worse than thought

By Guest PostDecember 7, 2014Nature, Sciencebiodiversity, brown university, dinosaurs, extinction rate, extinctions, generation of cells, gravity, human era, lucas joppa, pass, pseudomonas aeruginosa, stuart pimm, tcm produkte, tdp, university of zurich

The gravity of the world’s current extinction rate becomes clearer upon knowing what it was before people came along. A new estimate finds that species die off as much as 1,000 times more frequently nowadays than they used to. That’s 10 times worse than the old estimate of 100 times.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — It’s hard to comprehend how bad the current rate of species extinction around the world has become without knowing what it was before people came along. The newest estimate is that the pre-human rate was 10 times lower than scientists had thought, which means that the current level is 10 times worse. (more…)

NASA’s NuSTAR Sees Rare Blurring of Black Hole Light

By Guest PostAugust 23, 2014Sciencealbert einstein, configuration, cuttlefish, cuttlefish fighting, derya akkaynak, fiona harrison, game theory model, general relativity, gravity, justine allen, NASA, nustar, supermassive black hole, theory of relativity, xrays

NASA’s Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) has captured an extreme and rare event in the regions immediately surrounding a supermassive black hole. A compact source of X-rays that sits near the black hole, called the corona, has moved closer to the black hole over a period of just days. (more…)

Nearest Bright ‘Hypervelocity Star’ Found

By Guest PostJune 11, 2014Scienceastronomers, Beijing, black hole, China, dark matter, earth, ella nukarinen, energiestoffwechsel, erwin schroedinger, Galaxy, gravity, Milky Way, thomas naegele, university of utah, valentin roustan, wolfram weckwerth, zentrale regulationsnetzwerk

Speeding at 1 Million mph, It Probes Black Hole and Dark Matter

A University of Utah-led team discovered a “hypervelocity star” that is the closest, second-brightest and among the largest of 20 found so far. Speeding at more than 1 million mph, the star may provide clues about the supermassive black hole at the center of our Milky Way and the halo of mysterious “dark matter” surrounding the galaxy, astronomers say. (more…)

Solar System’s Edge Redefined

By Guest PostMay 1, 2014Scienceantibody staining techniques, berghexe, bioassays, brain inspired, chazara briseis, dark energy camera, dharmendra s modha, earth, gemini observatory, gewaessertyp, giant planets, gravity, jim brase, johannes robalotoff, jupiter, kuiper belt, lawrence livermore, linda elkins tanton, llnl program, mars, neptune, noao, saturn, scott sheppard, sean james, sequoia supercomputer, solar system, stickstoffbelastung, uranus

Washington, D.C.—The Solar System has a new most-distant member, bringing its outer frontier into focus.

New work from Carnegie’s Scott Sheppard and Chadwick Trujillo of the Gemini Observatory reports the discovery of a distant dwarf planet, called 2012 VP113, which was found beyond the known edge of the Solar System. This is likely one of thousands of distant objects that are thought to form the so-called inner Oort cloud. What’s more, their work indicates the potential presence of an enormous planet, perhaps up to 10 times the size of Earth, not yet seen, but possibly influencing the orbit of 2012 VP113, as well as other inner Oort cloud objects. (more…)

Stormy Stars? NASA’s Spitzer Probes Weather on Brown Dwarfs

By Guest PostJanuary 8, 2014Scienceatmosphere, brown dwarfs, daniel apai, davin flateau, earth, gravity, great red spot, jupiter, mark marley, NASA, other worlds, solar system, spitzer, stanimir metchev, stormy stars, thermal glow, undiscovered planet, university of arizona, weather

Swirling, stormy clouds may be ever-present on cool celestial orbs called brown dwarfs. New observations from NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope suggest that most brown dwarfs are roiling with one or more planet-size storms akin to Jupiter’s “Great Red Spot.”

“As the brown dwarfs spin on their axis, the alternation of what we think are cloud-free and cloudy regions produces a periodic brightness variation that we can observe,” said Stanimir Metchev of the University of Western Ontario, Canada. “These are signs of patchiness in the cloud cover.” (more…)

Saturn Moon May Have Rigid Ice Shell

By Guest PostAugust 30, 2013Sciencecassini data, cassini huygens mission, cassini spacecraft, cassini team, douglas hemingway, european space agency, francis nimmo, gravity, ice roots, ice shell, italian space agency, NASA, orange brown atmosphere, santa cruz, saturn moon, saturnian moon titan, topography data, university of california

An analysis of gravity and topography data from the Saturnian moon Titan obtained by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft suggests there could be something unexpected about the moon’s outer ice shell. The findings, published on Aug. 28 in the journal Nature, suggest that Titan’s ice shell could be rigid, and that relatively small topographic features on the surface could be associated with large ice “roots” extending into the underlying ocean.

The study was led by planetary scientists Douglas Hemingway and Francis Nimmo at the University of California, Santa Cruz, who used data from Cassini. The researchers were surprised to find a counterintuitive relationship between gravity and topography. (more…)

Water Geysers on Saturn’s Moon

By Guest PostAugust 1, 2013Sciencecassini spacecraft, christophe sotin, cornell university, data, enceladus, enceladus plume, galileo, gravity, hydrocarbon composition, icy surface, instrument, ithaca, jet propulsion laboratory, linda spilker, matt hedman, moon, moon of saturn, NASA, organic material, robert brown, saturn, saturn gravity, saturnian moon, seismological signs, tiger stripes, titan, university of arizona, vims, water geysers

A new study published in Nature this week describes the forces that control the jets of water and organic material that erupt from the icy surface of Enceladus, a moon of Saturn. UA scientists contributed data to the study.

The intensity of the jets of water ice and organic molecules that shoot out from Saturn’s moon Enceladus depends on the moon’s proximity to the planet, according to data obtained by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft. The finding, detailed in the journal Nature this week, is the first clear observation that shows the Enceladus plume varies in a predictable manner. (more…)

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