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Fett auf einem Chip untersuchen

By Guest PostAugust 8, 2016Sciencediabetes, fett chip, fettleibigkeit, matthias meier, mtorc1, signalweg

Plattform arbeitet mit kleinsten Flüssigkeitsmengen, um Zellen heranreifen zu lassen und deren Entwicklung zu analysieren

Eine Freiburger Forschungsgruppe hat einen Chip entwickelt, der es ermöglicht, mehr als einhundert adulte Stammzellkulturen des Fettgewebes anzulegen, das heißt sie heranwachsen und sich teilen zu lassen. Das Fettgewebe dient im menschlichen Körper als Hauptenergiespeicher. Adulte Stammzellen haben die Funktion, es aufrechtzuerhalten und zu regenerieren. Mit dem Chip wollen die Forschenden außerhalb des Körpers studieren, wie sich adulte Stammzellen im Fettgewebe zu reifen Fettzellen entwickeln. Bei bisherigen Experimenten entschlüsselten sie einen Signalweg, der am Reifungsprozess der Fettzellen beteiligt ist, und zeigten, dass Kalorien im Nährmedium diesen Vorgang beeinflussen. Das Team hat seine Forschungsergebnisse im Fachmagazin „Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences“ (PNAS) veröffentlicht. „Zukünftig wollen wir untersuchen, unter welchen Umweltfaktoren – insbesondere bei welchen Nährstoffbedingungen – unterschiedliche Fettzelltypen entstehen“, sagt der Biophysiker Dr. Matthias Meier. „Daraus ließen sich neue Ansätze ableiten, um Fettleibigkeit und Diabetes zu bekämpfen.“

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Elusive leptin

By Guest PostApril 25, 2014Scienceakt1, baaltempel in palmyra, cannabis users, celia morgan, childrens behavior, columba livia, diabetes, dschingis khans, einhorn auf reisen, hormone, imperien im kommen, imperium romanum, Israel, kalten krieg, kathleen vohs, lan chaplin, lipid metabolism, michael gehler, obesity, pathway, psychology of money, psychosis risk, robert rollinger, sowjetunion, species, type 2 diabetes

Researchers find first evidence of fat-regulating hormone in avian species

Since leptin was discovered 20 years ago, more than 115,000 papers have been published on this protein in humans, and another 5,000 have appeared on leptin in mice.

Leptin’s popularity is not surprising, as the hormone is the principal marker for the development of morbid obesity in humans. Leptin and its receptor play critical roles in the control of food intake and energy expenditure, thereby affecting body weight, abdominal fatness, thermogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism. (more…)

Discovery spotlights key role of mystery RNA modification in cells

By Guest PostJanuary 16, 2014Sciencecell differentiation, cells, chuan he, demethylation, deoxyribonucleic acid, diabetes, discovery, DNA, exact function, healthy cells, infertility, key role, m6a, messenger ribonucleic acid, methyl, methylation, mrna, mrna in question, mystery, n6 methyladenosine, neurobiology, obesity, organic compounds, parameter, peking university, proteins, regulating mrna lifetime, rna modification, san diego, sequence, university of california, university of chicago, xiao wang, ythdf2

Researchers had known for several decades that a certain chemical modification exists on messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), which is essential to the flow of genetic information. But only recently did experiments at the University of Chicago show that one major function of this modification governs the longevity and decay of RNA, a process critical to the development of healthy cells.

The chemical modification on mRNA in question is called N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A). A recent study by UChicago scientists reveals how the m⁶A modification on mRNA could affect the half-life of mRNA that in turn regulates cellular protein quantities. That discovery could provide fundamental insights into healthy functioning and disorders such as obesity, diabetes and infertility. (more…)

Genetic flaw in males triggers onset of liver cancer, diabetes

By Guest PostDecember 30, 2013Healthchin lee wu, common risk factor, diabetes, diseases, genetic flaw, glucose intolerance, hepatocellular carcinoma, hua xiao, liver cancer, males, mark williams, michigan state university, ncoa5 gene, onset, shenglan gao, therapeutic options, type 2 diabetes

Michigan State University researchers have uncovered a genetic deficiency in males that can trigger the development of one of the most common types of liver cancer and forms of diabetes.

The research, published in the online issue of Cancer Cell, found that when the NCOA5 gene, present in both men and women, was altered in male mice to a deficient level, a spontaneous reaction occurred producing cells that can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma, a type of liver cancer found to be two-to-four times more prevalent in men than women. (more…)

Love thy neighbor: It could lower your risk of stroke

By Guest PostSeptember 16, 2013Healthchristopher peterson, diabetes, eric kim, heart problems, high blood pressure, love thy neighbor, lower, nansook park, neighborhood, neighborhood social cohesion, people, psychological factors, risk of stroke, social climate, social environment, trustworthy, university of michigan

ANN ARBOR — Here’s some neighborly advice for adults over age 50: Stay friendly with your neighbors.

A new University of Michigan study shows that adults in this age bracket who live in a good neighborhood with trustworthy people lowered their risk of stroke up to 48 percent.

Feeling connected with neighbors builds what researchers describe as “neighborhood social cohesion.” The trust and connection with neighbors was associated with a reduced risk of stroke above and beyond the effects of negative psychological factors—such as depression and anxiety, said Eric Kim, a doctoral student in the U-M Department of Psychology and the study’s lead author. (more…)

Among Indian immigrants, religious practice and obesity may be linked, study shows

By Guest PostJuly 26, 2013Culture, Healthasian indians, body weight, california, dataset, diabetes, ethnic groups, heart disease, hinduism, hindus, independent factor, indian ancestry, indian immigrants, insulin resistance, islam, marjorie kagawa singer, martin f shapiro, mitchell d wong, muslims, nazleen bharmal, obesity, racial, ramadan, religious practice, sikhism, sikhs, united states

Asian Indians are one of the fastest growing ethnic groups in the United States, and roughly half a million people of Indian ancestry live in California — more than any other state. Individuals from this group are strongly predisposed to obesity-related conditions such as diabetes and heart disease, due in large part to physical inactivity, diets low in fruit and vegetables, and insulin resistance.

Among other racial and ethnic groups, research has shown that religious practices and religiosity have been associated with obesity and greater body weight, but no one had studied this potential link among Indians. (more…)

UCLA’s undergraduate researchers: ‘We’re going to have an impact on the future’

By Guest PostJune 14, 2013Education, Scienceafrican american studies, amy stuyvesant, arthritis, australia, bouts of depression, change, chronic condition, diabetes, disability, England, fibromyalgia, financial assistance, forest, future, green vegetation, health issues, hurricane activity, influx, invisible disabilities, los angeles, mental illnesses, microbial communities, patricia turner, paul von blum, post concussion syndrome, puerto rican forests, puerto rico, serena lee, skype, ucla, undergraduate researchers, undergraduate scholars program, wasserman, wasserman program

Serena Lee aspires to increase our understanding of people living with “invisible disabilities.” Amy Stuyvesant wants to figure out how changes in hurricane activity are helping or hindering the forests of Puerto Rico.

Although their subjects of their research are unrelated, these two graduating seniors share a key distinction. Thanks to the Wasserman Undergraduate Scholars Program, they are pursuing high-level research that they expect to have an impact far beyond UCLA. (more…)

Boosting ‘cellular garbage disposal’ can delay the aging process, UCLA biologists report

By Guest PostJune 3, 2013Healthaging, aging research, alzheimer, anil rana, cardiovascular disease, cells, cellular garbage disposal, cellular machinery, david walker, diabetes, disease in humans, healthy life span, like symptoms, membrane structure, mitochondria, nervous system, neurodegenerative diseases, opposite effect, parkin gene, parkinsons disease, postdoctoral scholar, toxic, ucla biologists, vital functions

UCLA life scientists have identified a gene previously implicated in Parkinson’s disease that can delay the onset of aging and extend the healthy life span of fruit flies. The research, they say, could have important implications for aging and disease in humans.

The gene, called parkin, serves at least two vital functions: It marks damaged proteins so that cells can discard them before they become toxic, and it is believed to play a key role in the removal of damaged mitochondria from cells. (more…)

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