university of california – Shamskm: A site to exchange knowledge and solutions

In ancient fish teeth, a tale of ecological resilience

By Guest PostSeptember 7, 2014Scienceamir jina, climate impact lab, cretaceous period, daniel di palma, die off, hertie institut, hidden costs, hurricane irma, james rising, klinische hirnforschung, krankheitsausloeser, online privacy attacks, pacific ocean, prateek mittal, robert kopp, tale, tuebinger neurowissenschaftler, university of california, yale university

Microscopic fish teeth may carry a message of hope from an ecological upheaval in the distant past, scientists at Yale University and the University of California-San Diego (UCSD) have found.

An analysis of tooth fossils and shark scales from the sea floor indicates that a massive die-off of species 66 million years ago did not, in fact, leave uniformly dead oceans around the world. In the Pacific Ocean, at least, some small fish species actually flourished. (more…)

Blunting rice disease

By Guest PostMay 29, 2014Environmentbayerischer wald, calciavis grandei, davis, fett chip, fettleibigkeit, fungus, harsh bais, mtorc1, norbert schaeffe, ostrich, sarah weiskopf, shannon kachel, signalweg, snow leopards, soil microbe, university of california, university of delaware

UD researchers aim to disarm a ‘cereal killer’

A fungus that kills an estimated 30 percent of the world’s rice crop may finally have met its match, thanks to a research discovery made by scientists at the University of Delaware and the University of California at Davis. (more…)

West Antarctic Glacier Loss Appears Unstoppable

By Guest PostMay 18, 2014Environmentbedrock, celine le bohec, eric rignot, european, fabien petit, glacier loss, greenland ice sheet, ice sheet, irvine, kolonie, mertz gletscher, NASA, operation icebridge, robin cristofari, thwaites glacier, umweltveraenderung, university of california, upstream, west antarctic

A new study by researchers at NASA and the University of California, Irvine, finds a rapidly melting section of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet appears to be in an irreversible state of decline, with nothing to stop the glaciers in this area from melting into the sea.

The study presents multiple lines of evidence, incorporating 40 years of observations that indicate the glaciers in the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica “have passed the point of no return,” according to glaciologist and lead author Eric Rignot, of UC Irvine and NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. The new study has been accepted for publication in the journal Geophysical Research Letters. (more…)

Obesity-Related Gut Bacteria Higher in People in Northern Climes

By Guest PostFebruary 19, 2014Healthbacteroidetes, Berkeley, evolutionary biology, firmicutes, geographic regions, gut bacteria, healthy microbiota, human gut, michael worobey, northern climes, obesity linked bacteria, obesity related, people, taichi suzuki, university of arizona, university of california

People living in northern latitudes have more gut bacteria linked to obesity compared with people living in southern latitudes, a new study has found.

People living in cold, northern latitudes have bacteria in their guts that may predispose them to obesity, according to a new study by researchers at the University of Arizona and the University of California, Berkeley. (more…)

Discovery spotlights key role of mystery RNA modification in cells

By Guest PostJanuary 16, 2014Sciencecell differentiation, cells, chuan he, demethylation, deoxyribonucleic acid, diabetes, discovery, DNA, exact function, healthy cells, infertility, key role, m6a, messenger ribonucleic acid, methyl, methylation, mrna, mrna in question, mystery, n6 methyladenosine, neurobiology, obesity, organic compounds, parameter, peking university, proteins, regulating mrna lifetime, rna modification, san diego, sequence, university of california, university of chicago, xiao wang, ythdf2

Researchers had known for several decades that a certain chemical modification exists on messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), which is essential to the flow of genetic information. But only recently did experiments at the University of Chicago show that one major function of this modification governs the longevity and decay of RNA, a process critical to the development of healthy cells.

The chemical modification on mRNA in question is called N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A). A recent study by UChicago scientists reveals how the m⁶A modification on mRNA could affect the half-life of mRNA that in turn regulates cellular protein quantities. That discovery could provide fundamental insights into healthy functioning and disorders such as obesity, diabetes and infertility. (more…)

NASA’s Kepler Provides Insights on Enigmatic Planets

By Guest PostJanuary 7, 2014Sciencedoppler data, earth, exoplanet systems, Galaxy, gaseous, geoff marcy, gravitational tug, ji wei xie, kepler, kepler spacecraft, NASA, neptune, orbiting planet, rocky, solar system, transit timing variations, ttv, university of california, university of toronto

More than three-quarters of the planet candidates discovered by NASA’s Kepler spacecraft have sizes ranging from that of Earth to that of Neptune, which is nearly four times as big as Earth. Such planets dominate the galactic census but are not represented in our own solar system. Astronomers don’t know how they form or if they are made of rock, water or gas.

The Kepler team today reports on four years of ground-based follow-up observations targeting Kepler’s exoplanet systems at the American Astronomical Society meeting in Washington. These observations confirm the numerous Kepler discoveries are indeed planets and yield mass measurements of these enigmatic worlds that vary between Earth and Neptune in size. (more…)

Blue carbon

By Guest PostDecember 19, 2013Environmentatmosphere, blue carbon, blue carbon ecosystems, carbon dioxide, caroline rogers, davis, deforesting the mangroves, Environment, global mangrove, greenhouse gases, james sanchirico, juha siikamaki, mangroves, natural solution, rff, subtropical coastlines, sunny jardine, tropical, u.s economy, united states, university of california, university of delaware, virgin islands

World’s mangroves, salt marshes hold potential for reducing carbon emissions

Mangroves, the dense forests found along tropical and subtropical coastlines, have some specialized trees that can take in air through their roots at low tide and excrete salt right out of their leaves. The unusual ecosystems can also absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide, making them a natural solution for controlling greenhouse gases.

Disrupt them, however, and they’ll put that carbon right back into the atmosphere. (more…)

Redwood trees reveal history of West Coast rain, fog, ocean conditions

By Guest PostNovember 3, 2013Environmentatmosphere, climate change, coastal redwoods, coastline, dendrochronology, earth, fog, foggy surrounding, historic fires, human caused, jim johnstone, john roden, molecules, natural variability cycles, northern california, ocean condition, oxygen, reconstructing historic climate, redwood trees, redwoods lifetime, southern oregon university, todd dawson, university of california, university of washington, west coast rain

Many people use tree ring records to see into the past. But redwoods – the iconic trees that are the world’s tallest living things – have so far proven too erratic in their growth patterns to help with reconstructing historic climate.

A University of Washington researcher has developed a way to use the trees as a window into coastal conditions, using oxygen and carbon atoms in the wood to detect fog and rainfall in previous seasons. (more…)

Tag Archives: university of california