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Natural 3D Counterpart to Graphene Discovered

By Guest PostJanuary 26, 2014Science2d, 2d dirac fermions, 3d version, 3dtds, 3dtds systems, advanced light source, als, antiparticle, berkeley lab, bo zhou, bulk electrons behave, chinese academy, dirac semi metal, electron mobility, graphene, natural 3d counterpart, quantum matter, sciences, sheets of carbon, three-dimensional, topological, topological insulators, velocity, yulin chen, zahid hussain, zhongkai liu

Researchers at Berkeley Lab’s Advanced Light Source Find New Form of Quantum Matter

The discovery of what is essentially a 3D version of graphene – the 2D sheets of carbon through which electrons race at many times the speed at which they move through silicon – promises exciting new things to come for the high-tech industry, including much faster transistors and far more compact hard drives. A collaboration of researchers at the U.S Department of Energy (DOE)’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) has discovered that sodium bismuthide can exist as a form of quantum matter called a three-dimensional topological Dirac semi-metal (3DTDS). This is the first experimental confirmation of 3D Dirac fermions in the interior or bulk of a material, a novel state that was only recently proposed by theorists. (more…)

MU Researchers Develop Advanced Three-Dimensional “Force Microscope”

By Guest PostDecember 29, 2013Scienceadvanced, biology class, cell, develop, dynamic changes, force microscope, gatekeepers, gavin king, justin grayer, krishna sigdel, molecules, mu researchers, pharmaceutical companies, real-time, studying membrane proteins, three-dimensional, trajectory, university of missouri

Innovation could lead to faster drug therapies and increased understanding of proteins on the microscopic level

COLUMBIA, Mo. – Membrane proteins are the “gatekeepers” that allow information and molecules to pass into and out of a cell. Until recently, the microscopic study of these complex proteins has been restricted due to limitations of “force microscopes” that are available to researchers and the one-dimensional results these microscopes reveal. Now, researchers at the University of Missouri have developed a three-dimensional microscope that will yield unparalleled study of membrane proteins and how they interact on the cellular level. These microscopes could help pharmaceutical companies bring drugs to market faster. (more…)

Study Finds Natural Compound Can Be Used for 3-D Printing of Medical Implants

By Guest PostNovember 3, 2013Science3d printing, 3d printing technology, alexander nguyen, anastasia koroleva, biocompatible, chapel hill, laser zentrum hannover, medical implants, natural compound, non toxic polymers, nontoxic, north Carolina, photoreactive liquid precursors, riboflavin, roger narayan, shaun gittard, solid polymer, state university, three-dimensional, university, vitamin b2

Researchers from North Carolina State University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Laser Zentrum Hannover have discovered that a naturally-occurring compound can be incorporated into three-dimensional (3-D) printing processes to create medical implants out of non-toxic polymers. The compound is riboflavin, which is better known as vitamin B2.

“This opens the door to a much wider range of biocompatible implant materials, which can be used to develop customized implant designs using 3-D printing technology,” says Dr. Roger Narayan, senior author of a paper describing the work and a professor in the joint biomedical engineering department at NC State and UNC-Chapel Hill. (more…)

Mating Swarm Study Offers New Way to View Flocks, Schools, Crowds

By Guest PostJanuary 21, 2013Scienceadulthood, biology, bird flock, coherent system, collective animal motion, collective motion, degree of modularity, douglas h kelley, external force, group behavior, high speed cameras, insect swarm, mating swarm, mechanical engineering, midge fly, MIT, nicholas t ouellette, position, quantitative data, swarm behavior, synchronized, three-dimensional

The adulthood of a midge fly is decidedly brief — about three days. But a new study of its mating swarm may yield lasting benefits for analyses of bird flocks, fish schools, human crowds and other forms of collective animal motion.

“This is a field where there’s been almost no quantitative data,” said Nicholas T. Ouellette of the Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science, principal investigator of the research, published Jan. 15 in the journal Scientific Reports. “What we’ve been able to do is put this in the laboratory, and that lets us take as much data as we want.” (more…)

Breakthrough Technique Images Breast Tumors in 3-D with Great Clarity, Reduced Radiation

By Guest PostOctober 23, 2012Health, Science3d picture, alberto mittone, aniko sztrokay, blind evaluation, bone, breakthrough, breast cancer, breast tissue, computing algorithm, ct scanner, digital, dual view, equally sloped tomography, est, european, european colleague, france, Germany, image, jianwei miao, ludwig maximilians university, mammogram, mammography, maximilian reiser, oscillation, paola coan, patient, paul claude diemoz, radiation, radiation facility, researcher, scientist, screening, sergei gasilov, susanne liebhardt, synchrotron, technique, three-dimensional, tomography, tumor, ucla, united states, xray, yunzhe zhao, zhifeng huang

Like cleaning the lenses of a foggy pair of glasses, scientists are now able to use a technique developed by UCLA researchers and their European colleagues to produce three-dimensional images of breast tissue that are two to three times sharper than those made using current CT scanners at hospitals. The technique also uses a lower dose of X-ray radiation than a mammogram.

These higher-quality images could allow breast tumors to be detected earlier and with much greater accuracy. One in eight women in the United States will be diagnosed with breast cancer during her lifetime.

The research is published the week of Oct. 22 in the early edition of the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (more…)

Brilliant 10

By Guest PostOctober 7, 2012Education, Sciencebody parts, brilliant 10, california irvine, capability, cars, computational algorithm, computer engineering, computer vision, delaware, deva ramanan, flat photography, honor roll, human template, identify, image recognition, monitor, patient, pedestrian detection, popular, rehabilitation, science magazine, self driving, software, system, teaches, three-dimensional, uci, ud alumnus, university, videogame systems, young scientists

UD alumnus one of Popular Science magazine’s ‘Brilliant 10’ Young Scientists

University of Delaware alumnus Deva Ramanan has been named one of Popular Science magazine’s “Brilliant 10” Young Scientists.

The designation places Ramanan on the magazine’s annual “honor roll” of the 10 most promising scientist for 2012.

Ramanan, who earned his bachelor’s degree in computer engineering at UD in 2000, is an associate professor of computer science at the University of California Irvine (UCI). There he is working to improve a computer’s image recognition capability, or in simpler terms, a computer’s ability to “see people.” (more…)

Ancient Mollusk Tells a Contrary Story

By Guest PostOctober 7, 2012Natureancient, aplacophora, border, cambrian period, computer software, david siveter, derek briggs, derek siveter, early, english welsh, evolutionary relationship, exterior shells, fossil, fossil evidence, great britain, imperial college, invertebrate group, julia sigwart, kulindroplax perissokomos, london, marine life, marine rock, mark sutton, molecular sequencing, mollusk, new fossil, peabody museum, sea bed, sea floor, shape, shell, shelled brethren, snail, three-dimensional, valve, volcanic ash, worm like, yale

A fossil unearthed in Great Britain may end a long-running debate about the mollusks, one of life’s most diverse invertebrate groups: Which evolved first, shelled forms like clams and snails, or their shell-less, worm-like relatives?

The small new fossil, found in marine rocks along the English-Welsh border, provides the best fossil evidence yet that the simpler worm-like mollusks evolved from their more anatomically complex shelled brethren, rather than the other way around. (more…)

UCLA Engineers Shed New Light on 3-D Motion of Human Sperm Cells

By Guest PostSeptember 20, 2012Health, Scienceaydogan ozcan, biophysics, corkscrew, curved, distance, helical, human, illumination, liang xue, light source, linear, micrometers, microorganism, optical microscope, rotation speed, sperm cell, statistical behavior, swimming pattern, three-dimensional, ting wei su

Using new lensless imaging platform, team observes rare helical movements

A team of researchers from the UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science has, for the first time, directly recorded the three-dimensional helical swimming patterns of human sperm cells.

The team, led by Aydogan Ozcan, associate professor of electrical engineering and bioengineering, developed a novel lensless computational imaging platform that accurately tracked more than 24,000 individual sperm cells in a large volume. This involved observing the individual rotations of each sperm cell, including helical movement patterns, rotation speed, and linear and curved distances traveled. (more…)

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