In the late 1990s, the University of Washington created what was arguably the world’s first graduate program in astrobiology, aimed at preparing scientists to hunt for life away from Earth. In 2001, David Catling became one of the first people brought to the UW specifically to teach astrobiology.
Berkeley Lab Researchers Make a Powerful New Microscale Torsional Muscle/Motor from Vanadium Dioxide
Vanadium dioxide is poised to join the pantheon of superstars in the materials world. Already prized for its extraordinary ability to change size, shape and physical identity, vanadium dioxide can now add muscle power to its attributes. A team of researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) has demonstrated a micro-sized robotic torsional muscle/motor made from vanadium dioxide that for its size is a thousand times more powerful than a human muscle, able to catapult objects 50 times heavier than itself over a distance five times its length within 60 milliseconds – faster than the blink of an eye. (more…)
Mating and meiosis – the specialized cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell – are related, but in most yeasts they are regulated separately. Not so in Candida lusitaniae, where the two programs work in unison, according to a new study in Nature. Comparison with other species suggests that this fusion may support C. lusitaniae’s “haploid lifestyle” of maintaining only one set of chromosomes in each cell.(more…)
Eritreas Hauptstadt Asmara und ihr einzigartiges koloniales Archtitekturerbe muss man aus vielen Perspektiven betrachten, um ein adäquates Gesamtbild zu bekommen.
Mondäne Art-Déco-Kinos, futuristisch-geradlinige Industrie-Bauten und avantgardistische Bar-Interieurs aus der italienischen Kolonialzeit – ein Architekturjuwel, wie eingefroren inmitten der Hauptstadt eines bitterarmen, vom Bürgerkrieg erschütterten afrikanischen Staates: So zeigten die „Entdecker“ des modernistischen Asmara in den 1990er Jahren in ihren Ausstellungen und Publikationen die Stadt der Weltöffentlichkeit. Dahinter standen sowohl eritreeische als auch internationale Bemühungen, eines der weltweit größten, erhaltenen modernistischen Architektur-Ensembles zum UNESCO-Weltkulturerbe zu erheben und das 1993 unabhängige gewordene Eritrea touristisch nach außen zu öffnen. Die militaristische Regierung stoppte dann aber aprupt internationale Konserverierungs- und Entwicklungshilfe-Programme und ging auf Isolationskurs. „Seit damals gibt es kaum mehr Material und Forschungen aus und über Asmara“, sagt Dr. Peter Volgger, Mitarbeiter bei Univ.-Prof. Bart Lootsma am Lehrstuhl für Architekturtheorie. Volgger ist mit der einseitigen Darstellung von Asmara als „frozen city“ nicht ganz einverstanden. Im Rahmen des von Bart Lootsma koordinierten FWF-Projekts „The Sleeping Beauty“ streben die Innsbrucker Architekturtheoretiker eine wesentlich vielschichtigere Betrachtung der Stadt an, die die Perspektive der Bevölkerung, aber auch des offiziellen Eritrea miteinbeziehen soll. Denn im Gegensatz zu anderen ehemaligen Kolonialstaaten betrachtet man in Eritrea das architektonische und kulturelle Erbe der italienischen Fremdherrschaft als Teil der nationalen Identität, versucht die wichtigsten historischen Gebäude in Stand zu halten, pflegt den Barbesuch und die Passegiata im Rahmen der eigenen Kultur. (more…)
Great white sharks—top predators throughout the world’s ocean—grow much slower and live significantly longer than previously thought, according to a new study led by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI).
In the first successful radiocarbon age validation study for adult white sharks, researchers analyzed vertebrae from four females and four males from the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Age estimates were up to 73 years old for the largest male and 40 years old for the largest female.(more…)
To safely use bacteria in agriculture to help fertilize crops, it is vital to understand the difference between harmful and healthy strains. The bacterial genus Burkholderia, for example, includes dangerous disease-causing pathogens — one species has even been listed as a potential bioterrorist agent — but also many species that are safe and important for plant development.
Can the microbial good and evil be told apart? Yes, UCLA life scientists and an international team of researchers report Jan. 8 in the online journal PLOS ONE. (more…)
Two new views from NASA’s Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, or NuSTAR, showcase the telescope’s talent for spying objects near and far. One image shows the energized remains of a dead star, a structure nicknamed the “Hand of God” after its resemblance to a hand. Another image shows distant black holes buried in blankets of dust.
“NuSTAR’s unique viewpoint, in seeing the highest-energy X-rays, is showing us well-studied objects and regions in a whole new light,” said Fiona Harrison, the mission’s principal investigator at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Calif. (more…)
Children believe the world is far more segregated by gender than it actually is, implies a new study led by a Michigan State University scholar.
Jennifer Watling Neal and colleagues examined classroom friendships in five U.S. elementary schools. Their findings, published in the journal Child Development, found boys and girls had no problems being friends together but for some reason had a perception that only boys played with boys and girls played with girls. (more…)
