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New Information on the Waste-Disposal Units of Living Cells

By Guest PostJanuary 15, 2012Scienceandreas martin, base, berkeley lab, biochemical processes, cellular proteins, charlene bashore, degradation, degrade, diseases, dna repair, eric estrin, eva nogales, gabriel lander, heterologous expression system, human cell, immune defense system, irreversible, kiss of death, lid, living cells, mary matyskiela, non atpase proteins, polypeptide, proteasome machinery, proteasome regulatory particle, proteasomes, protein functions, protein machines, regulatory particle, subnanometer scale, transcription, treatment of cancer, ubiquitin, university of california, waste disposal, yeast

*Berkeley Researchers Provide Detailed Look at Proteasome’s Regulatory Particle*

Important new information on one of the most critical protein machines in living cells has been reported by a team of researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and the University of California (UC) Berkeley. The researchers have provided the most detailed look ever at the “regulatory particle” used by the protein machines known as proteasomes to identify and degrade proteins that have been marked for destruction. The activities controlled by this regulatory particle are critical to the quality control of cellular proteins, as well as a broad range of vital biochemical processes, including transcription, DNA repair and the immune defense system. (more…)

Novel Nanoparticle Mimicking Virus Offers New Route to Gene Therapy

By Guest PostDecember 10, 2011Sciencebrain tumors, cancer, caroline e weller, christopher j cheng, cystic fibrosis, diseases, gene therapy, healthy cells, huntingtons disease, hydrophobic, immune reactions, materials, mouse tumor model, nanoparticle, non viral gene therapy, novel chemistry, polymers, positive electric charge, repair, symptoms, treatments, viral gene therapy, w mark saltzman, water molecules, water repellant, yale university, zhaozhong jiang

Researchers at Yale University have developed a novel nanoparticle with promising applications in gene therapy, a type of medical treatment that addresses the root causes of diseases now typically treated for symptoms.

The advance could lead to new therapies for many forms of cancer, including brain tumors, as well as for cystic fibrosis and Huntington’s Disease. (more…)

Scientists Defuse the Vietnam Time Bomb

By Guest PostNovember 11, 2011Health, Sciencebacterial pathogen, bacterium, burkholderia, burkholderia pseudomallei, cancer, david rice, deadly tropical disease, diseases, drugs, endemic areas, esrf, european synchrotron radiation facility, france, grenoble, hiv and tuberculosis, kevin van cauter, key mechanism, melioidosis, northern australia, pmi2 funding, protein synthesis, rick titball, south east asia, structure of a protein, stuart wilson, therapies to prevent the proliferation of cancer cells, university of exeter, university of sheffield, us military personnel, vietnam time bomb, xrays at diamond light source

A key mechanism by which a bacterial pathogen causes the deadly tropical disease melioidosis has been discovered by an international team, including a University of Exeter scientist.

The findings are published in the journal Science and show how a toxin produced by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei kills cells by preventing protein synthesis.

The study, led by the University of Sheffield, paves the way for the development of novel therapies to combat the bacterium which infects millions of people across South East Asia and Northern Australia.

Using intense X-rays at Diamond Light Source, the UK’s national synchrotron facility, and at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France, the research team solved the structure of a protein from Burkholderia, the function of which was initially unknown. (more…)

When It Comes To Charitable Giving, People Respond To Their Immediate Emotions, Cu Study Says

By Guest PostOctober 7, 2011Culture, General2010 earthquake in haiti, diseases, doctors without borders, dresden university of technology, famine and genocide in africa, Germany, giving money to humanitarian crises, haitian earthquake, immediate emotions, laura johnson graham, leaf van boven, malnutrition, michaela huber, peter mcgraw, red cross, tragic events, tuberculosis, united states, university of colorado boulder

When considering giving money to humanitarian crises people often donate in response to events that grab their immediate emotions, according to a recent study by researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder and Dresden University of Technology in Germany.

“The question we wanted to answer with our study is what is the impact of people’s emotions on their decisions to make charitable donations,” said CU-Boulder psychology Professor Leaf Van Boven, who co-authored the study. “We demonstrated that people act on what is immediately emotionally arousing to them. In other words, they respond to what makes them upset in the here and now.” (more…)

Of Mice and Men

By Guest PostSeptember 18, 2011Sciencebret payseur, chromosomes, diseases, DNA, dna sequences, evolution of disease, evolutionary relationships, genetic codes, genomes, genomic information, identification of genes, madison, mice and humans, michael white, mouse strains, national science foundation, strains of common lab mice, university of wisconsin

*The genomes of 17 common strains of lab mice were sequenced to advance genetic studies of human diseases*

Scientists have sequenced the genomes (genetic codes) of 17 strains of common lab mice–an achievement that lays the groundwork for the identification of genes responsible for important traits, including diseases that afflict both mice and humans.

Mice represent the premier genetic model system for studying human diseases. What’s more, the 17 strains of mice included in this study are the most common strains used in lab studies of human diseases. By enabling scientists to list all DNA differences between the 17 strains, the new genome sequences will speed the identification of subsets of mutations and genes that contribute to disease. (more…)

Tai Chi Helps Prevent Falls and Improves Mental Health in Elderly

By PravdaJuly 19, 2011Healthancient chinese art, balance, british, cardiovascular disease, chinese, diabetes, diseases, effects of tai chi on health, elderly, hypertension, improves mental health, korean, meditative effects, musculoskeletal pain, osteoporosis, parkinson's, philosophy of tai chi, symptoms of cancer or rheumatoid arthritis, tai chi, tai chi master, treatment for fibromyalgia, yang chengfu

Tai Chi helps reduce the risk of falls in the elderly, and improves mental health, is what a new study shows. However, practicing the ancient Chinese art does not help to ease the symptoms of cancer or rheumatoid arthritis.

The information is from the research of a team that analyzed 35 reviews of studies evaluating the effects of Tai Chi on health.

The databases reviewed were British, Chinese and Korean that assessed the impact of Tai Chi on various diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, cancer, osteoarthritis, Parkinson’s, musculoskeletal pain, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. (more…)

Spurring Sweet Success

By Guest PostJune 1, 2011Environmentcrop health, diseases, farmers, farming, michigan, michigan state university, michigan sugar beet advancement program, michigan sugar co, nematodes, parasitic worms, paul pfenninger, plants, poindexter, roots, sugar beet, sugar beet industry, sugar quality, sweet partnership, tillage practices

EAST LANSING, Mich. — Thanks to Michigan State University, a sweet partnership has helped resurrect Michigan’s $444 million sugar beet industry.

In 1996 the industry was in peril. Yields hit an all-time low due to pest, disease and production issues that greatly reduced crop health. Farmers were looking to get out of sugar beet farming and switch to more profitable crops. Industry representatives reached out to MSU to help solve the problem. (more…)

Go Figure: Math Model May Help Researchers with Stem Cell, Cancer Therapies

By Guest PostJanuary 24, 2011Science21st century, algorithm, alzheimer, brain tumors, brent reynolds, cancer cells, cancer stem cells, diseases, geoffrey ericksson, harley kornblum, joel e cohen, loic p deleyrolle, math, mathematical steps, microscopes, new microscope, parkinson, progressive diseases, protein assays, queensland brain institute, stem cells, therapeutics

GAINESVILLE, Fla. — The difficult task of sorting and counting prized stem cells and their cancer-causing cousins has long frustrated scientists looking for new ways to help people who have progressive diseases.

But in a development likely to delight math teachers, University of Florida researchers have devised a series of mathematical steps that accomplishes what the most powerful microscopes, high-throughput screening systems and protein assays have failed to do — assess how rapidly stem cells and their malignant, stemlike alter egos increase their numbers. (more…)

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