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Newly Discovered Receptors in Plants Help Them Recover from Environmental Changes, Pests, and Plant Wounds, MU Study Shows

By Guest PostJanuary 20, 2014Scienceadenosine triphosphate, atp, cell, energy source, environmental changes, environmental events, extracellular atp signaling, gary stacey, insects, jeongmin choi, kiwamu tanaka, newly discovered, pests, plant wounds, receptors in plants, recover, university of missouri

Discovery could lead to herbicides, fertilizers and pesticides that naturally work with plants to make them stronger

COLUMBIA, Mo. – ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the main energy source inside a cell and is considered to be the high energy molecule that drives all life processes in animals and humans. Outside the cell, membrane receptors that attract ATP drive muscle control, neurotransmission, inflammation and development. Now, researchers at the University of Missouri have found the same receptor in plants and believe it to be a vital component in the way plants respond to dangers, including pests, environmental changes and plant wounds. This discovery could lead to herbicides, fertilizers and insect repellants that naturally work with plants to make them stronger. (more…)

Gene therapy may aid failing hearts

By Guest PostApril 4, 2013Health2 deoxy atp, adenosine 5 triphosphate, alya red, american heart association, animal study, atp, barcelona superconducting center, cardiac muscle fibers, charles murry, datp, DNA, electromechanical computational model, embryonic growth, enzyme, failing hearts, gene therapy, heart attacks, heart conditions, heart failure, heart muscle function, mechanically stressed, michael regnier, muscle contraction, nucleotide, university of washington

The potential of gene therapy to boost heart muscle function was explored in a recent University of Washington animal study. The findings suggest that it might be possible to use this approach to treat patients whose hearts have been weakened by heart attacks and other heart conditions.

Michael Regnier, UW professor and vice chair of bioengineering, Charles Murry, director of the Center for Cardiovascular Biology and co-director of the Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Sarah Nowakowski, a UW graduate student in bioengineering, led the study. The findings appeared online March 25 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (more…)

Revealing the Secrets of Motility in Archaea

By Guest PostFebruary 24, 2013Scienceabrahjyoti ghosh, adenosine triphosphate, archaea, assembling archaella, atomic resolution, atp, atp in solution, atpase, bacterial flagellum, bacterial type, berkeley lab, c terminal domain, crystallography, ctd, domain of life, dynamic play, e coli, energy, enzyme, established model systems, filamentary grappling hook, flab filament, flah eye, flai, flai genes, flai protein structure, gareth williams, generate energy, Germany, glue, human cells, human gut, hyper flagellated, hyper motile mutants, iv pilus, john tainer, max planck institute, microbiota, microorganisms, motility, motor, mpi, n terminal domain, ntd, phosphate, protein structure, release, saxs, secretion of proteins, sonja verena albers, sulfolobus acidocaldarius, terrestrial microbiology, xray diffraction

Scientists from Berkeley Lab and the Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology analyze a unique microbial motor

The protein structure of the motor that propels archaea has been characterized for the first time by a team of scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) and Germany’s Max Planck Institute (MPI) for Terrestrial Microbiology.

The motility structure of this third domain of life has long been called a flagellum, a whip-like filament that, like the well-studied bacterial flagellum, rotates like a propeller. But although the archaeal structure has a similar function, it is so profoundly different in structure, genetics, and evolution that the researchers argue it deserves its own name: archaellum. (more…)

UMass Amherst Biochemists Trap a Chaperone Machine in Action, Opening Pathway to Possible New Cancer Treatment

By Guest PostJanuary 2, 2013Scienceadp, amino acid chains, anastasia zhuravleva, atp, bacteria, cancer cell, chemical environments, cycle, dnak, drug target, e coli bacteria, Environment, eugenia clerico, folding of proteins, heat shock protein, holding pattern, hsp, hsp70, humans, key step, lila gierasch, massachusetts amherst, mechanism, molecular chaperones, molecular machine, nanofactories, neurodegenerative diseases, nmr methods, nuclear magnetic resonance, origami like, ribosomes, stress, uncontrolled growth, university

AMHERST, Mass. – Molecular chaperones have emerged as exciting new potential drug targets, because scientists want to learn how to stop cancer cells, for example, from using chaperones to enable their uncontrolled growth. Now a team of biochemists at the University of Massachusetts Amherst led by Lila Gierasch have deciphered key steps in the mechanism of the Hsp70 molecular machine by “trapping” this chaperone in action, providing a dynamic snapshot of its mechanism.

She and colleagues describe this work in the current issue of Cell. Gierasch’s research on Hsp70 chaperones is supported by a long-running grant to her lab from NIH’s National Institute for General Medical Sciences. (more…)

Where the Germs Are: Office Kitchens, Break Rooms

By Guest PostMay 29, 2012Environment, Healthadenosine triphosphate, atp, bacteria, brad reynolds, break rooms, coffee, computer mice, contamination, desk phones, germs, healthy office environment, healthy workplace project, hot spots, illness transmission, kimberly clark, microbiologist charles gerba, microwave door handles, objects, office kitchens, office workers, professional, university of arizona

A study aided by UA microbiologist Charles Gerba finds that office kitchens and break rooms are frequent hot spots for bacteria.

If you thought the restroom was the epicenter of workplace germs, you don’t want to know about office break rooms and kitchens.

The place where U.S. workers eat and prepare their lunches topped the list of office germ hot spots, with the sink and microwave door handles found to be the dirtiest surfaces touched by office workers on a daily basis. (more…)

UCLA Physicists Report Nanotechnology Feat With Proteins

By Guest PostDecember 24, 2011Scienceatp, class of enzymes, elastic, enzyme, giovanni zocchi, gk, guanylate kinase, human hair, kinases, liquid, liquids flow, mechanical energy, mechanical response, nanomechanical measurements, nanometer, Nanotechnology, phosphate group, protein molecules, resolution, solid, stress, university of Illinois, visco elastic, visco elastic transition, viscoelastic behavior, viscoelastic regime, viscous, yong wang

UCLA physicists have made nanomechanical measurements of unprecedented resolution on protein molecules.

The new measurements, by UCLA physics professor Giovanni Zocchi and former UCLA physics graduate student Yong Wang, are approximately 100 times higher in resolution than previous mechanical measurements, a nanotechnology feat which reveals an isolated protein molecule, surprisingly, is neither a solid nor a liquid.

“Proteins are the molecular machines of life, the molecules we are made of,” Zocchi said. “We have found that sometimes they behave as a solid and sometimes as a liquid. (more…)

Scientists Uncover Mechanism That Regulates Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Metabolism

By Guest PostNovember 16, 2011Scienceadenosine triphosphate, atp, body cells, california institute for regenerative medicine, carbon dioxide, carla koehler, cell differentiation, cell functions, chicken or the egg question, cytoplasm, electron transport chain, energy, energy generation by mitochondria in pluripotent stem cells, glycolysis, glycolytic and biosynthesis pathways, human pluripotent stem cells, inactive mitochondria, jin zhang, kim irwin, mature cells in children and adults, metabolic activities, method of generating energy, michael teitell, mitochondria, oxidative phosphorylation, protein, respiration, stem cells, sugar fermentation, ucp2, uncoupling protein 2, visual appearance

Human pluripotent stem cells, which can develop into any cell type in the body, rely heavily on glycolysis, or sugar fermentation, to drive their metabolic activities.

In contrast, mature cells in children and adults depend more on cell mitochondria to convert sugar and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water during a high energy–producing process called oxidative phosphorylation. (more…)

One Step Closer to a Drug Treatment for Cystic Fibrosis, MU Professor Says

By Guest PostOctober 13, 20101 commentHealth, Scienceatp, cell, cftr, chloride channels, cystic fibrosis, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, drug, fatal genetic diseases, genetic mutations, paper of the week, protein, tzyh chang hwang, university of missouri

*Study recognized for significance and importance in the world’s most common genetic disease*

COLUMBIA, Mo. – A University of Missouri researcher believes his latest work moves scientists closer to a cure for cystic fibrosis, one of the world’s most common fatal genetic diseases. (more…)

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