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UCLA to develop ‘brain prosthesis’ to help brain-injured patients recover memory

By Guest PostSeptember 20, 2014Healthalzheimer's disease, avian egg shape, brain cells, brain-injured patients, claire spottiswoode, clinical trial, develop, ebola impfstoff, ebola viren, ee hou yong, egg shape, eggxtractor, electronics, entorhinal cortex, epilepsy, henry samueli school, itzhak fried, mary caswell stoddard, mayank mehta, nanthia suthana, neurobiology, new hypothesis, projects, richtige dosierung, selidji agnandji, ucla

As part of a major federal initiative, UCLA has been awarded $15M to create a wireless, implantable device that could restore memory to millions

UCLA has been tapped by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency to spearhead an innovative project aimed at developing a wireless, implantable brain device that could help restore lost memory function in individuals who have suffered debilitating brain injuries and other disorders. (more…)

Leptin also influences brain cells that control appetite, Yale researchers find

By Guest PostJune 3, 2014Sciencebrain cells, desi project, galaxy seeking robots, hypothalamus, illuminated fiducials, influence, isoscapes, leptin, neurons, paradigm, parker fagrelius, protodesi, signals, tamas horvath

Twenty years after the hormone leptin was found to regulate metabolism, appetite, and weight through brain cells called neurons, Yale School of Medicine researchers have found that the hormone also acts on other types of cells to control appetite.

Published in the June 1 issue of Nature Neuroscience, the findings could lead to development of treatments for metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. (more…)

How a Concussion Can Lead to Depression Years Later

By Guest PostJanuary 4, 2014Healthashley fenn, brain cells, common antidepressants, concussion, depression, depressive symptoms, excessive inflammation, high alert cells, immune system, inflammation related, jonathan godbout, lipopolysaccharide, lps, microglia, multiple concussions, phillip popovich, primed state, secondary challenges, tbi, traumatic brain injury, yan huang

After brain injury, cells on ‘high alert’ prolong immune response, affecting behavior

COLUMBUS, Ohio – A head injury can lead immune-system brain cells to go on “high alert” and overreact to later immune challenges by becoming excessively inflammatory – a condition linked with depressive complications, a new animal study suggests.

The findings could help explain some of the midlife mental-health issues suffered by individuals who experience multiple concussions as young adults, researchers say. And these depressive symptoms are likely inflammation-related, which means they may not respond to common antidepressants. (more…)

New Look Inside Cell Nucleus Could Improve Cancer Diagnostics

By Guest PostDecember 31, 2013Sciencebrain cells, cancer diagnostics, cell nucleus, cytoplasm, david galbraith, DNA, enzyme, genetic information, genetic photocopies, genome, genome sequence, messenger rna, organ functions, plant cell, roger lasken, single cell, tumor, types of cancer

Researchers have sequenced the entire messenger RNA – the “genetic photocopies” – contained in the nucleus of a single cell, a long-anticipated step toward better cancer diagnostics and other medical applications.

Researchers have successfully isolated and sequenced the entire messenger RNA – the “genetic photocopies” – contained in the nucleus of a single brain cell. This research, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, will help researchers better understand how organs function in health and disease and provide another stepping stone toward personalized medicine. (more…)

Neuroscience Methods: Optogenetics as good as electrical stimulation

By Guest PostDecember 18, 2013Sciencebrain cells, brown university, daniel brooks, david sheinberg, electrical stimulation, grant called repair, ji dai, lateral intraparietal area, lip, neural activity, neuroscience methods, nonhuman primates, optical case, optical stimulation, optogenetic stimulation, optogenetics, rodent models, technique, therapeutic benefits, visual decision making

Brown researchers have shown that optogenetics — a technique that uses pulses of visible light to alter the behavior of brain cells — can be as good as or possibly better than the older technique of using small bursts of electrical current. Optogenetics had been used in small rodent models. Research reported in Current Biology has shown that optogenetics works effectively in larger, more complex brains.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Neuroscientists are eagerly, but not always successfully, looking for proof that optogenetics – a celebrated technique that uses pulses of visible light to genetically alter brain cells to be excited or silenced – can be as successful in complex and large brains as it has been in rodent models. (more…)

Vicious cycle: Changes in brain chemistry sustain obesity

By Guest PostJune 25, 2013Sciencealpha msh, amparo romero, bogdan litvinov, brain cells, brain chemistry, breakdown, brown university, calorie burning, cell, change, chemical called tudca, cycle, diet induced obesity, eduardo a nillni, endoplasmic reticulum, er, gene, high calorie diet, hormone, hormone trh, isin cakir, key enzyme, key proteins, leptin, lifespan researcher, mario perello, nicole cyr, normal weight, obesity, pc2, pomc, pro opiomelanocortin, production, protein processing mechanism, rhode island hospital, ronald stuart, vicious cycle

In a new discovery reported in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, Brown University and Lifespan researchers show that in the brain cells of rats, obesity impedes the production of a hormone that curbs appetite and inspires calorie burning. The root cause appears to be a breakdown in the protein-processing mechanism of the cells. In the lab, the researchers showed they could fix the breakdown with drugs.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — With obesity reaching epidemic levels in some parts of the world, scientists have only begun to understand why it is such a persistent condition. A study in the Journal of Biological Chemistry adds substantially to the story by reporting the discovery of a molecular chain of events in the brains of obese rats that undermined their ability to suppress appetite and to increase calorie burning. (more…)

What Causes Hot Flushes during Menopause?

By Guest PostDecember 15, 2012Healthanimal model, biological mechanisms, black box, blood vessel, brain, brain cells, candy, central nervous system, estrogen replacement therapy, heat, hormone estrogen, hormone signals, hormone treatment, hot flashes, hot flushes, hypothalamus, in the head, kndy neurons, melinda mittelman smith, menopause, naomi rance, nathaniel mcmullen, neuronal switch, neurotransmitter, prostate cancer, sally krajewski hall, skin, skin temperature, tail skin temperature, thermoregulation, thermoregulatory centers, trigger, vasodilation, vital functions

Hot flushes are not “in the head,” but new research suggests they may start there. A UA research team has identified a region in the brain that may trigger the uncomfortable surges of heat most women experience in the first few years of menopause.

Hot flushes – also called hot flashes – affect millions of people, and not just women. Yet, it is still unclear what causes the episodes of temperature discomfort, often accompanied by profuse sweating.

Now a team of researchers around Dr. Naomi Rance, a professor in the department of pathology at the UA College of Medicine, has come closer to understanding the mechanism of hot flushes, a necessary step for potential treatment options down the road. This research was published recently in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (more…)

UCLA Scientists Boost Memory By Stimulating Key Site in Brain

By Guest PostFebruary 16, 2012Sciencealzheimer, americans, barbara knowlton, brain, brain cells, brain site, critical junction, cyber city, disease, entorhinal cortex, eric behnke, hippocampus, itzhak fried, john stern, memory, nanthia suthana, neuro prosthetic devices, neuroscientist, roy mukamel, taxi cab, ucla, united states, video game, virtual passenger, zulfi haneef

*Mechanism holds potential for improving recall in dementia patients*

Have you ever gone to the movies and forgotten where you parked the car? New UCLA research may one day help you improve your memory.

UCLA neuroscientists have demonstrated that they can strengthen memory in human patients by stimulating a critical junction in the brain. Published in the Feb. 9 edition of the New England Journal of Medicine, the finding could lead to a new method for boosting memory in patients with early Alzheimer’s disease. (more…)

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