Various sight recovery therapies are being developed by companies around the world, offering new hope for people who are blind. But little is known about what the world will look like to patients who undergo those procedures. (more…)
Studie der Universität Tübingen zeigt, wie differenziert Sehinformationen ans Gehirn geleitet werden ‒ Erkenntnisse könnten helfen, Kameras wie auch Sehprothesen weiter zu entwickeln
Unser Sehvermögen ist ausgezeichnet: Es funktioniert auch unter extremen Bedingungen, vom Spaziergang unterm Sternenhimmel bis zur Ski-Abfahrt im gleißenden Sonnenlicht ‒ und dies weitaus geschmeidiger und stabiler, als selbst modernste Digitalkameras arbeiten. Wissenschaftlern war bekannt, dass die ersten Schritte der „Bildverarbeitung“ bereits innerhalb des Auges ablaufen: die Netzhaut enthält nicht nur die lichtempfindlichen Sinneszellen, sondern sie bereitet Informationen auch auf und leitet diese als komplexes Aktivitätsmuster über den Sehnerv an das Gehirn weiter. (more…)
Brown researchers have shown that optogenetics — a technique that uses pulses of visible light to alter the behavior of brain cells — can be as good as or possibly better than the older technique of using small bursts of electrical current. Optogenetics had been used in small rodent models. Research reported in Current Biology has shown that optogenetics works effectively in larger, more complex brains.
PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Neuroscientists are eagerly, but not always successfully, looking for proof that optogenetics – a celebrated technique that uses pulses of visible light to genetically alter brain cells to be excited or silenced – can be as successful in complex and large brains as it has been in rodent models. (more…)
Until now, brain scientists have been almost completely in the dark about how most of the nonspecific thalamus interacts with the prefrontal cortex, a relationship believed to be key in such fundamental functions as maintaining consciousness and mental arousal. Brown University researchers performed a set of experiments, described in the Journal of Neuroscience, to explore and measure those circuits for the first time.
PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Inside the brains of mice and men alike, a relatively big football-shaped region called the thalamus acts like a switchboard, providing the prefrontal cortex, the part that does abstract thinking and decision-making, with most of its information. The thalamus’s responsibility even includes helping the prefrontal cortex to maintain consciousness and arousal. (more…)
Beta oscillations are tightly linked to Parkinson’s disease and the ability to process sensory information, such as touch. Two neuroscientists have brought their collaboration to Brown University and won funding from the National Science Foundation to see if they can finally provide a definitive, if unorthodox, explanation for beta brainwaves.
Before she could seek to convince the world that her computer model of a key brain circuit explains a fundamental, 80-year-old mystery of neuroscience with potential relevance to Parkinson’s disease, Stephanie Jones sought to convince Christopher Moore. The new Brown neuroscience professors are now close collaborators, but when they first started talking about the beta oscillations of the cortex, Moore thought Jones was plain wrong, if not a bit nuts. (more…)
