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Protein interplay in muscle tied to life span

By Guest PostDecember 1, 2013Health, Scienceactivin equivalent, alzheimer's disease, ana maria hernandez, atg8a, autophagy, brain, brown university biologists, central culprit, chain, dawdle, dfoxo, female reproductive system, fly version, fruit flies, gene, hua bai, human aging biology, insulin producing cells, ipcs, life span, mammalian protein, marc tatar, menstrual cycle, misfolded proteins, molecular event, muscle, muscle fibers, muscle tissue, natural mechanism, ping kang, protein degradation, protein interplay, rolf bodmer

Brown University biologists have uncovered a complicated chain of molecular events that leads from insulin to protein degradation in muscles and significantly diminished life span in fruit flies. The new study in PLoS Genetics, which may have broad implications across species, identifies the fly version of the mammalian protein activin as the central culprit in the process.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Fruit flies are notoriously short-lived but scientists interested in the biology of aging in all animals have begun to understand why some fruit flies live longer than others. They have documented a direct association between insulin and life span, for example, and have observed a tradeoff between prolific reproduction and longevity. A new study, which may have broad implications across species, ties those findings more closely together by tracing an insulin signaling cascade through to protein quality control in muscle tissue and shortened life span. (more…)

The real killer behind cancer

By Guest PostDecember 1, 2013Healthaggressive therapy, akhouri sinha, anticancer research, behind cancer, bloodstream, bones, cancer positive, cancer surgery, immune system, lymph node, metastasis, metastatic cancer cells, metastatic disease, original tumor, pathologist, pelvic lymph node, prostate cancer, prostate cancer patients, real killer, researcher, solid organ cancer, staging cancer, university of minnesota

This story is short. Not much is known about metastasis.

And that’s the point. (more…)

Summary of results from the 3rd National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles

By Guest PostNovember 30, 2013Health, Sexattitude, british population, dame anne johnson, lifestyles, natsal survey, professor kaye wellings, sex live, sexual attitudes, sexual behaviour, sexual problem, sexual well being, the lancet

Results published in The Lancet give the most detailed picture yet of the British population’s sex lives over the last 10 years, as part of the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal) survey.

Led by UCL in partnership with the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and NatCen Social Research, over 15,000 adults aged 16-74 participated in interviews between September 2010 and August 2012. (more…)

FDA-approved immune-modulating drug unexpectedly benefits mice with fatal mitochondrial defect

By Guest PostNovember 29, 2013Healthanti rejection drug, leigh syndrome, median lifespan, mitochondrial defect, mitochondrial diseases, mitochondrial dysfunction, mtor

The transplant anti-rejection drug rapamycin showed unexpected benefits in a mouse model of a fatal defect in the energy powerhouses of cells, the mitochondria. Children with the condition, Leigh syndrome, show progressive brain damage, muscle weakness, lack of coordination or muscle control, and weight loss, and usually succumb to respiratory failure. (more…)

For anxious children and teens, context counts, UCLA researchers say

By Guest PostNovember 28, 2013Healthadolescent anxiety, adriana galvan, anxiety, anxiety disorder, anxiety provoking situation, anxious children, biomarker, brain neutral information, context counts, disorder, functional impairment, functional mri, medial prefrontal cortex, tara peris, teens, threatening information, ucla researcher

Specific area of the brain linked to anxiety disorders in youth

Anxiety disorders are common in children and adolescents, affecting up to 25 percent of the youth population. Anxiety causes distress and functional impairment and, if left untreated, can result in bad grades, problems at home and increased rates of psychiatric disorders in adulthood.

These risks constitute a significant public health burden, and they underscore the importance of continued efforts to understand the cause and course of the disorder. (more…)

Natural Compound Mitigates Effects of Methamphetamine Abuse, University of Missouri Researchers Find

By Guest PostNovember 26, 2013Healthalzheimer's disease, behavioral impairments, bond life, brain, colored vegetables, dennis miller, disease research, dopamine level, drug addiction, effects, grace y sun, hyperactivity, methamphetamine abuse, mizzou advantage, model, natural compound, neurodegenerative disorders, neurological, neurotransmitter dopamine, parkinsons disease, resveratrol containing products, sciences center, stroke, sustainable energy, university of missouri

COLUMBIA, Mo. – Studies have shown that resveratrol, a natural compound found in colored vegetables, fruits and especially grapes, may minimize the impact of Parkinson’s disease, stroke and Alzheimer’s disease in those who maintain healthy diets or who regularly take resveratrol supplements. Now, researchers at the University of Missouri have found that resveratrol may also block the effects of the highly addictive drug, methamphetamine.

Dennis Miller, associate professor in the Department of Psychological Sciences in the College of Arts & Science and an investigator with the Bond Life Sciences Center, and researchers in the Center for Translational Neuroscience at MU, study therapies for drug addiction and neurodegenerative disorders. Their research targets treatments for methamphetamine abuse and has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter dopamine in drug addiction. Dopamine levels in the brain surge after methamphetamine use; this increase is associated with the motivation to continue using the drug, despite its adverse consequences. However, with repeated methamphetamine use, dopamine neurons may degenerate causing neurological and behavioral impairments, similar to those observed in people with Parkinson’s disease. (more…)

UCLA doctors test stem-cell therapy to improve blood flow in angina patients

By Guest PostNovember 24, 2013Healthali nsair, angina patients, angioplasty, blood flow, cd34 protein, coronary bypass, heart attack, heart in 3d, heart muscle, heart transplant, jonathan tobis, las vegas, marty greenfield, phase 3, pluripotent cell, rubine gevorgyan, stem cell injection, stem cell therapy, ucla doctors, william suh

Clinical trial evaluates treatment for patients who haven’t responded to other FDA–approved procedures

Marty Greenfield lives with crushing pain every day due to angina, a condition that is caused by an inadequate supply of blood to the heart. He has suffered a heart attack, and a coronary bypass procedure and angioplasty have provided little relief. His doctor referred him to UCLA to be considered for a heart transplant.

Dr. Jonathan Tobis, a UCLA clinical professor of cardiology, performed an angiogram and angioplasty on Greenfield, 64, but found that the patient was not a candidate for a heart transplant because his heart muscle function was still good. (more…)

Society for Neuroscience 2013: How sleep aids visual task learning

By Guest PostNovember 22, 2013Health, Sciencebrainwaves, brown university, david orenstein, decline of function, due to aging, electronic encephalography, ji won bang, magnetic resonance imaging, measure the brainwaves, neural mechanism, neural oscillations, playing the piano, polysomnography, psychological sciences, san diego, sigma brainwave, sigma frequency, sleep, sleeping brain, society for neuroscience, supplementary motor area, Takeo Watanabe, visual cortical area, visual task learning, yuka sasaki

At the Society for Neuroscience annual meeting in San Diego Nov. 10, 2013, Brown University scientists presented research showing what happens in the brain during sleep to lock in learning of a visually oriented “Where’s Waldo”-like task.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — As any indignant teacher would scold, students must be awake to learn. But what science is showing with increasing sophistication is how the brain uses sleep for learning as well. At the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in San Diego Nov. 10, 2013, Brown University researchers discussed new research describing the neural mechanism by which the sleeping brain locks in learning of a visual task. (more…)

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