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How Computers Push on the Molecules They Simulate

By Guest PostJanuary 9, 2013Scienceacceleration, albert einstein, algorithm, analytical results, artifacts, atoms and molecules, behavior, Berkeley, berkeley lab, calculation, california, california institute, chemical fuel, collide, computer method, conserve energy, david sivak, digital representation, digitize time, dna repair, driving force, effective friction, energy dense, equation, error, finite time steps, fluid, french physicist, gavin crooks, john chodera, langevin dynamics, model brownian motion, modeling molecular system, modern computer, molecular machines, molecular scale motion, molecule, momentum, natural system, nonequilibrium driving force, nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, particle, passage of time, paul langevin, photosynthesis, pollen grain, qb3, quantitative biosciences, quantum mechanics, real world, simulation, source, tenacious errors, theoretical method, thermal energy, toy models, university, velocity, water, water molecules

Berkeley Lab bioscientists and their colleagues decipher a far-reaching problem in computer simulations

Because modern computers have to depict the real world with digital representations of numbers instead of physical analogues, to simulate the continuous passage of time they have to digitize time into small slices. This kind of simulation is essential in disciplines from medical and biological research, to new materials, to fundamental considerations of quantum mechanics, and the fact that it inevitably introduces errors is an ongoing problem for scientists.

Scientists at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have now identified and characterized the source of tenacious errors and come up with a way to separate the realistic aspects of a simulation from the artifacts of the computer method. The research was done by David Sivak and his advisor Gavin Crooks in Berkeley Lab’s Physical Biosciences Division and John Chodera, a colleague at the California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) at the University of California at Berkeley. The three report their results in Physical Review X. (more…)

Molecular Scientists Reveal Extraordinary Properties of Ordinary Glasses

By Guest PostJanuary 8, 2013Scienceaging, amber, amorphous molecular structure, Chicago, computer simulation, configuration, crystallization, evolution, evolution of glasses, glassy material, juan de pablo, mark ediger, mechanical properties, metal, molecular condition, molecular theory, multishaped object, ordinary glass, pharmaceutical, properties, sadanand singh, semi crystalline structure, silico vapor deposition, simulation, structural signature, tetris, ultrastable glasses, university, vacuum chamber, vapor deposition process, void riddled pattern, wisconsin madison

Technologically valuable ultrastable glasses can be produced in days or hours with properties corresponding to those that have been aged for thousands of years, computational and laboratory studies have confirmed.

Aging makes for higher quality glassy materials because they have slowly evolved toward a more stable molecular condition. This evolution can take thousands or millions of years, but manufacturers must work faster. Armed with a better understanding of how glasses age and evolve, researchers at the universities of Chicago and Wisconsin-Madison raise the possibility of designing a new class of materials at the molecular level via a vapor-deposition process. (more…)

Within ‘Habitable Zone,’ More Planets than We Knew

By Guest PostJanuary 8, 2013Scienceamerican astronomical society, apollo moon, avatar, debra fischer, eric gershon, Galaxy, gas giant, giant planet, greenhouse atmosphere, habitable moon, habitable world, habitable zone, hospitable, ji wang, jupiter, kepler spacecraft, kian jek, life, liquid water, long beach, NASA, pandora, ph2 b, planet hunters, polyphemus, rocky planet, san francisco, solar star, star trek, sun, yale university

The number of known places in our galaxy theoretically hospitable to life may be significantly greater than previously thought, according to new research.

Researchers with Planet Hunters are reporting the discovery of a Jupiter-sized planet in the so-called “habitable zone” of a star similar to Earth’s sun, as well as the identification of 15 new candidate planets also orbiting within their star’s habitable zone. (more…)

Pronunciation of ‘s’ sounds impacts perception of gender, CU-Boulder researcher finds

By Guest PostJanuary 7, 2013General, Sciencebay area, biological difference, colorado boulder, female, high frequency s, kira hall, lal zimman, larynx, linguist, lower frequency, male, perception of gender, pitch, s sounds, san francisco, socio biological complexity, style of speech, throat, transgender people, university, voice, wenner-gren foundation

A person’s style of speech — not just the pitch of his or her voice — may help determine whether the listener perceives the speaker to be male or female, according to a University of Colorado Boulder researcher who studied transgender people transitioning from female to male.

The way people pronounce their “s” sounds and the amount of resonance they use when speaking contributes to the perception of gender, according to Lal Zimman, whose findings are based on research he completed while earning his doctoral degree from CU-Boulder’s linguistics department. (more…)

Curiosity Rover Explores ‘Yellowknife Bay’

By Guest PostJanuary 6, 2013Sciencecuriosity, darker rock cutting, gale crater, habitable environment, john grotzinger, jpl, mars rover, martian day, microbe, NASA, red planet, richard cook, shallow depression, sinuous rock feature, snake river, sol, yellowknife bay

Mars Science Laboratory Mission Status Report

PASADENA, Calif. – After imaging during the holidays, NASA’s Mars rover Curiosity resumed driving Jan. 3 and pulled within arm’s reach of a sinuous rock feature called “Snake River.”

Snake River is a thin curving line of darker rock cutting through flatter rocks and jutting above sand. Curiosity’s science team plans to get a closer look at it before proceeding to other nearby rocks. (more…)

Testing Einstein’s E=mc2 in Outer Space

By Guest PostJanuary 5, 2013Sciencealbert einstein, andrei lebed, atomic bomb, conceptual model, cornell university library, curvature, electron, energy, energy level, everything, explosion, galileo galilei, general relativity, gps navigation, gravitational field, gravitational mass, gravity, hydrogen atom, iconic equation, mass, motion, moving object, nucleus, object, paradigm in physics, principles in physics, proton, quantum mechanics, quantum objects, relativistic, Space, special relativity, speed of light, stockholm, theory, theory of gravitation, ua physicist, unifying theory, university of arizona

UA physicist Andrei Lebed has stirred the physics community with an intriguing idea yet to be tested experimentally: The world’s most iconic equation, Albert Einstein’s E=mc2, may be correct or not depending on where you are in space.

With the first explosions of atomic bombs, the world became witness to one of the most important and consequential principles in physics: Energy and mass, fundamentally speaking, are the same thing and can, in fact, be converted into each other.

This was first demonstrated by Albert Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity and famously expressed in his iconic equation, E=mc2, where E stands for energy, m for mass and c for the speed of light (squared). (more…)

Billions and Billions of Planets

By Guest PostJanuary 4, 2013Sciencecosmic norm, origin of planets, planetary system

Look up at the night sky and you’ll see stars, sure. But the sky is also filled with planets — billions and billions of them at least. (more…)

Super-Adhesive Geckskin Developed by UMass Amherst Scientists among CNN Money’s Top Science Breakthroughs of 2012

By Guest PostJanuary 4, 2013Science, Technology2012, alfred crosby, bartlett, biologist, cnn money, commercial products, darpa, drape, duncan irschick, everyday non spy, evolution, footpads, gecko, gecko feet, gecko like adhesion, gecko like performance, geckskin, high tech espionage, irschick, massachusetts amherst, michael bartlett, michael tomczyk, microscopic hairs, polymer scientist, replicate nature, reversible adhesion, science breakthroughs, setae, stiff fabric, super strong adhesive, supporting theory, synthetic design, top five, university, variation in anatomy, warfare gadgets

AMHERST, Mass. – Geckskin, a super–strong adhesive device developed by University of Massachusetts Amherst researchers that can hold 700 pounds on a smooth wall, has been named one of the top five science breakthroughs of 2012 by CNN Money. (more…)

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