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Forelimb bone data predicts predator style

By Guest PostSeptember 19, 2014Natureaggressive brustkreb, borja figueirido, brown university, brustkrebspatientinnen, cheetah, christine janis, early american history, human history, in a box, jochen maurer, krysta svore, microsoft breakthroughs, odai johnson, paleobiologist, post quantum world, predict, pure water brew, quantum computing ecosystem, record, therapiemoeglichkeit, topological qubit, tradition of rebellions, vhemotherapeutika

In their quest to understand what kind of hunter the extinct marsupial thylacine was, two paleobiologists built a dataset of forelimb bone measurements that predict the predation style of a wide variety of carnivorous mammals. They describe the data in a study posted online in the Journal of Morphology.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — At the start of their research, paleobiologists Christine Janis and Borja Figueirido simply wanted to determine the hunting style of an extinct marsupial called thylacine (also known as the “marsupial wolf” or the “Tasmanian tiger”). In the end, the Australian relic, which has a very dog-like head but both cat- and dog-like features in the skeleton, proved to be uniquely unspecialized, but what emerged from the effort is a new classification system that can capably predict the hunting behaviors of mammals from measurements of just a few forelimb bones. (more…)

Costs of War: $4.4 trillion, 350,000 lives

By Guest PostSeptember 2, 2014Politicsafghanistan, brown university, catherine lutz, costs of war, flemming videbaek, international studies, Iraq, isis, nicholas paulter, Pakistan, strategie, syria, watson institute

Updated figures for the direct costs of war in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan now stand at more than 350,000 lives lost and $4.4 trillion spent. Indirectly, another 250,000 lives have been lost to war-related causes like loss of civilian access to food and health care, and another $8 trillion in interest on war debt may come due during the next 40 years.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — The Costs of War project at Brown University’s Watson Institute for International Studies has released updated figures for the human and financial costs of the U.S. wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. (more…)

Mathematical framework: How a wrinkle becomes a crease

By Guest PostAugust 22, 2014Healthb all tumorerkrankung, become, brain injuries, brown university, circuits, elusive gravitational effect, how, kyung suk kim, mathematical framework, mathematical model, mazen diab, solid state physics, substrate, tumorsuppressor, wrinkle

Kyung-Suk Kim and Mazen Diab have worked out the mathematics of how wrinkles form in solid materials under compression — and how, under more compression, those wrinkles can become creases. The mathematics of wrinkles and creases could help in the design of flexible electronic circuits, artificial skin, and soft robotic grips and may help explain brain injuries due to compression.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Wrinkles, creases and folds are everywhere in nature, from the surface of human skin to the buckled crust of the Earth. They can also be useful structures for engineers. Wrinkles in thin films, for example, can help make durable circuit boards for flexible electronics. (more…)

Emergence of bacterial vortex explained

By Guest PostAugust 7, 2014Sciencebacteria, brown university, computer simulations, dunia tonob, hidden message, kathy griffin, managing menopause, president donald trump, tyler shields

Bacteria in a drop of water spontaneously form a bi-directional vortex, with bacteria near the center of the drop swimming in the opposite direction of bacteria swimming near the edge. New computer simulations, confirmed by a novel experiment, explain how that vortex comes to be.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — When a bunch of B. subtilis bacteria are confined within a droplet of water, a very strange thing happens. The chaotic motion of all those individual swimmers spontaneously organizes into a swirling vortex, with bacteria on the outer edge of the droplet moving in one direction while those on the inside move the opposite direction. (more…)

Commentary by Jo-Anne Hart: Will we have ISIS to thank for peace with Iran?

By Guest PostJuly 28, 2014Politics20th century, brown university, chinesische investoren, christian dreger, eu binnenmarkt, hidden champions, how dangerous, international studies, Iraq, isis, malcolm tully, margaret grey, prevent obesity, simple steps, space debris, strategie, syria, united states, watson customer engagement, watson institute

If there is any good news in the ISIS developments in Iraq, it is that the United States and Iran both want to see ISIS stopped and Iraq’s government stabilized. It’s possible, writes Jo-Anne Hart, that addressing the ISIS issue could lead to confidence-building between the United States and Iran. Hart is an adjunct professor of international studies at Brown University’s Watson Institute for International Studies.

While the recent military advance of ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) in northern Iraq has stirred sudden concern — if not panic — in public commentaries in the United States, it is important to keep in mind several key points. (more…)

Stem pipeline problems to aid STEM diversity

By Guest PostJuly 19, 2014Education, Sciencebmw, brad love, brown university, climate, critical mass, culture, data, david rowley, mira abed, pacific subduction zones, peter riefer, plate dynamics, underlying force

Educators and policymakers have spent decades trying to recruit and retain more underrepresented minority students into the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) pipeline. A new analysis of disappointing results in the pipeline’s output leads two Brown University biologists to suggest measures to help the flow overcome an apparent gravity.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Decades of effort to increase the number of minority students entering the metaphorical science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) pipeline, haven’t changed this fact: Traditionally underrepresented groups remain underrepresented. In a new paper in the journal BioScience, two Brown University biologists analyze the pipeline’s flawed flow and propose four research-based ideas to ensure that more students emerge from the far end with Ph.D.s and STEM careers. (more…)

A virus reveals the physics of nanopores

By Guest PostJuly 8, 2014Sciencebacterial phyla, brown university, candidatus andersenbacteria, derek stein, dna sequencing, dna strands, e coli bacteria, ebola, gemaelde, interaction, jenifer johnson, jill banfield, karthik anantharaman, ken williams, kunstgeschmack, matthew pelowski, membrane, nanopore, new bacteria groups, polymer, sozial faktoren, virus

Nanopores could provide a new way to sequence DNA quickly, but the physics involved isn’t well understood. That’s partly because of the complexities involved in studying the random, squiggly form DNA takes in solution. Researchers from Brown have simplified matters by using a stiff, rod-like virus instead of DNA to experiment with nanopores. Their research has uncovered previously unknown dynamics in polymer-nanopore interactions.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Nanopores may one day lead a revolution in DNA sequencing. By sliding DNA molecules one at a time through tiny holes in a thin membrane, it may be possible to decode long stretches of DNA at lightning speeds. Scientists, however, haven’t quite figured out the physics of how polymer strands like DNA interact with nanopores. Now, with the help of a particular type of virus, researchers from Brown University have shed new light on this nanoscale physics. (more…)

A plan to share the carbon budget burden

By Guest PostJune 28, 2014Environmentbrown university, carbon budget, China, climate change, European Union, fruchtfressender voegel, greenhouse gas emissions, j timmons roberts, karen jubanyik, narcan, rachel solnick, tropenwaelder, united states, willpower

For 20 years, the international community has been unable to agree on a coordinated way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. J. Timmons Roberts, the Ittleson Professor of Environmental Studies and Sociology, has co-authored a four-step compromise toward emissions reduction that offers “effectiveness, feasibility, and fairness.”

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Climate change is an issue of urgent international importance, but for 20 years, the international community has been unable to agree on a coordinated way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In a “Perspective” piece published in the June issue of Nature Climate Change, J. Timmons Roberts, the Ittleson Professor of Environmental Studies and Sociology, proposes a four-step compromise toward emissions reduction that offers “effectiveness, feasibility, and fairness.” (more…)

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