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A plan to share the carbon budget burden

By Guest PostJune 28, 2014Environmentbrown university, carbon budget, China, climate change, European Union, fruchtfressender voegel, greenhouse gas emissions, j timmons roberts, karen jubanyik, narcan, rachel solnick, tropenwaelder, united states, willpower

For 20 years, the international community has been unable to agree on a coordinated way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. J. Timmons Roberts, the Ittleson Professor of Environmental Studies and Sociology, has co-authored a four-step compromise toward emissions reduction that offers “effectiveness, feasibility, and fairness.”

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Climate change is an issue of urgent international importance, but for 20 years, the international community has been unable to agree on a coordinated way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In a “Perspective” piece published in the June issue of Nature Climate Change, J. Timmons Roberts, the Ittleson Professor of Environmental Studies and Sociology, proposes a four-step compromise toward emissions reduction that offers “effectiveness, feasibility, and fairness.” (more…)

Brown University Oncology Research Group: Twenty years of cancer treatment trials

By Guest PostJune 7, 2014Healthbrown university, cat scan, catheters, causal model, cytosol, danger to children, elias bareinboim, fassprotein, france, fusion problem, implants, judea pearl, mdm10, nikolaus pfanner, pot tarts, rhode island hospital, Technology, thomas becker, turing award, warwick

Since 1994 cancer doctors affiliated with the Alpert Medical School have had a place with funding, administrative, and collegial support to develop and test novel cancer treatments: The Brown University Oncology Research Group.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Too few cancer patients, especially those with pancreatic cancer, get to the point that Raymond Sabella reached in the spring of 2014. Ten months after he began his trek from the diagnosis of an inoperable tumor to experimental chemotherapy and then radiation, he reports feeling great. He’s gaining back some of the weight he lost, but not too much, and something else is back, too. (more…)

R.I. nitrogen cycle differs in bay and sound

By Guest PostJune 4, 2014Environmentaaron nech, atmosphere, brown university, caroline champougny, denitrification, facial recognition algorithms, jodie calussi, kelly misses vlog, megaface challenge, n techlab, n2, neurolinguist, new microchip, nitrogen cycle, piton, policy making, rhode island, wwf kampagne

A new study reports that anammox, a key process in the nitrogen cycle, is barely present in Narragansett Bay even though it’s a major factor just a little farther out into Rhode Island Sound. Scientists traced that to differences between bay and sound sediments, but that raises new questions about what’s going on in the Bay to account for those.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Rhode Island’s geography is famously small, but new measurements of the nitrogen cycle in its waterways suggest that even over a small distance, differences can be huge. Scientists report that the nitrogen-converting process anammox is almost completely absent in Narragansett Bay, even though it is going strong in Rhode Island Sound only 15 miles off the coast. (more…)

Guilty: Crabs are killing N.E. saltmarshes

By Guest PostMay 29, 2014Environmentancient buddhist sites, brown university, buddhist king, cape cod, corporate contributioins, crabs, data, ecosystem dynamics, favoour, geographic modeling, herbivory, list of billionaires, long island, mark bertness, mauryan dynasty, monica smith, policy making, proclamations of ashoka, substrate, thomas gillespie, tyler coverdale

Two newly published studies by a team of Brown University researchers provide ample new evidence that the reason coastal saltmarshes are dying from Long Island to Cape Cod is that hungry crabs, left unchecked by a lack of predators, are eating the cordgrass. (See sidebar on marsh die-off and greenhouse gasses.)

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — A marathon summer of field work by Mark Bertness, professor of ecology and evolutionary biology, and a squadron of students may finally help settle the heated debate about what’s killing the coastal saltmarshes of southern New England and Long Island. The group’s work has yielded two new papers that offer clear evidence of the cause. (more…)

It could also work for Mars

By Guest PostMay 25, 2014Sciencealjoscha Kress, ancient earth, Argentina, brown geologist, brown university, chemical analysis, christoph boehme, climate, geologist, inverse spin hall, life, minerals, new way, organic compounds, pete schultz, valy vardeny

Impact glass stores biodata for millions of years

Bits of plant life encapsulated in molten glass by asteroid and comet impacts millions of years ago give geologists information about climate and life forms on the ancient Earth. Scientists exploring large fields of impact glass in Argentina suggest that what happened on Earth might well have happened on Mars millions of years ago. Martian impact glass could hold traces of organic compounds. (more…)

HIV+ women respond well to HPV vaccine

By Guest PostMay 19, 2014Healthbrown university, diese, hiv, human papillomavirus, ionic, liest, liquid tolerant, marijke frederix, mein engelchen, melocont pilzgerste, one pot method, pilz, strain of bacteria, women, Zeilen

A three-nation clinical trial found that a vaccine can safely help the vast majority of HIV-positive women produce antibodies against the cancer-causing human papillomavirus, even if their immune system is weak and even if they’ve had some prior HPV exposure.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — HIV-positive women respond well to a vaccine against the human papillomavirus (HPV), even when their immune system is struggling, according to newly published results of an international clinical trial. The study’s findings counter doubts about whether the vaccine would be helpful, said the Brown University medical professor who led the study. Instead, the data support the World Health Organization’s recommendation to vaccinate women with HIV. (more…)

Early neural wiring for smell persists

By Guest PostMay 11, 2014Scienceagendas project, brown university, comparative policy, drexel university, energieversorger, gilad barnea, glomeruli, harald stadler, hedge fund, joshua borrajo, kommunale, lulu tsai, market swings, memory, nervous system, neural circuits, private, produce, psychiatric disorders, smell, tante ju

A new study in Science reveals that the fundamental wiring of the olfactory system in mice sets up shortly after birth and then remains stable but adaptable. The research highlights how important early development can be throughout life and provides insights that may be important in devising regenerative medical therapies in the nervous system.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — To accommodate a lifetime of scents and aromas, mammals have hundreds of genes that each produce a different odorant receptor. The complex and diverse olfactory system they build remains adaptable, but a new study in the journal Science shows that the system’s flexibility, or plasticity, has its limits. Working in mice, Brown University scientists found that the fundamental neural wiring map between the nose and the brain becomes established in a critical period of early development and then regenerates the same map thereafter. (more…)

Epidemiology: New model combines multiple genomic data

By Guest PostMay 3, 2014Scienceamerican devotion, anbau, asthma, biostatistics, brown university, david voas, epidemiology, erste pevatron, expression, framework, hess teleskope, jenny walther thoss, mark chaves, mark garlick, new model, petaelektronvolt, snps, tyler vanderweele

Data about DNA differences, gene expression, or methylation can each tell epidemiologists something about the link between genomics and disease. A new statistical model that can integrate all those sources provides a markedly improved analysis, according to two new papers.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — The difference between merely throwing around buzzwords like “personalized medicine” and “big data” and delivering on their medical promise is in the details of developing methods for analyzing and interpreting genomic data. In a pair of new papers, Brown University epidemiologist Yen-Tsung Huang and colleagues show how integrating different kinds of genomic data could improve studies of the association between genes and disease. (more…)

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