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Guilty: Crabs are killing N.E. saltmarshes

By Guest PostMay 29, 2014Environmentancient buddhist sites, brown university, buddhist king, cape cod, corporate contributioins, crabs, data, ecosystem dynamics, favoour, geographic modeling, herbivory, list of billionaires, long island, mark bertness, mauryan dynasty, monica smith, policy making, proclamations of ashoka, substrate, thomas gillespie, tyler coverdale

Two newly published studies by a team of Brown University researchers provide ample new evidence that the reason coastal saltmarshes are dying from Long Island to Cape Cod is that hungry crabs, left unchecked by a lack of predators, are eating the cordgrass. (See sidebar on marsh die-off and greenhouse gasses.)

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — A marathon summer of field work by Mark Bertness, professor of ecology and evolutionary biology, and a squadron of students may finally help settle the heated debate about what’s killing the coastal saltmarshes of southern New England and Long Island. The group’s work has yielded two new papers that offer clear evidence of the cause. (more…)

It could also work for Mars

By Guest PostMay 25, 2014Sciencealjoscha Kress, ancient earth, Argentina, brown geologist, brown university, chemical analysis, christoph boehme, climate, geologist, inverse spin hall, life, minerals, new way, organic compounds, pete schultz, valy vardeny

Impact glass stores biodata for millions of years

Bits of plant life encapsulated in molten glass by asteroid and comet impacts millions of years ago give geologists information about climate and life forms on the ancient Earth. Scientists exploring large fields of impact glass in Argentina suggest that what happened on Earth might well have happened on Mars millions of years ago. Martian impact glass could hold traces of organic compounds. (more…)

HIV+ women respond well to HPV vaccine

By Guest PostMay 19, 2014Healthbrown university, diese, hiv, human papillomavirus, ionic, liest, liquid tolerant, marijke frederix, mein engelchen, melocont pilzgerste, one pot method, pilz, strain of bacteria, women, Zeilen

A three-nation clinical trial found that a vaccine can safely help the vast majority of HIV-positive women produce antibodies against the cancer-causing human papillomavirus, even if their immune system is weak and even if they’ve had some prior HPV exposure.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — HIV-positive women respond well to a vaccine against the human papillomavirus (HPV), even when their immune system is struggling, according to newly published results of an international clinical trial. The study’s findings counter doubts about whether the vaccine would be helpful, said the Brown University medical professor who led the study. Instead, the data support the World Health Organization’s recommendation to vaccinate women with HIV. (more…)

Heat of mantle sets height of mid-ocean ridges

By Guest PostApril 27, 2014Sciencealex rodriguez, brown university, chemistry, chris mills, earth crust, ende der sowjetunion, game developers, game troopers, hitcents, indian ocean, informelle maerkte, innospark, kleinhaendler, mid ocean ridges, ocean floor, secret sauce, seismic data, steve guggenheimer, steve sy kim, stickman users, susanne fehlings

By analyzing the speed of seismic waves generated by earthquakes, scientists have shown that temperature differences deep within Earth’s mantle control the elevation and volcanic activity along mid-ocean ridges, the colossal mountain ranges that line the ocean floor. Recent research sheds new light on how temperature in the depths of the mantle influences the contours of the Earth’s crust.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Scientists have shown that temperature differences deep within Earth’s mantle control the elevation and volcanic activity along mid-ocean ridges, the colossal mountain ranges that line the ocean floor. The findings, published April 4 in the journal Science, shed new light on how temperature in the depths of the mantle influences the contours of the Earth’s crust. (more…)

Ancient volcanic explosions shed light on Mercury’s origins

By Guest PostApril 22, 2014Sciencebrown university, creativity in music, data, david william hearn, garrett weyenberg, mercury, messenger spacecraft, mount st helens, NASA, origin, rheinzufluss, sayo art, staffpad, tropische parasiten

Mercury was long thought to be lacking volatile compounds that cause explosive volcanism. That view started to change when the MESSENGER spacecraft returned pictures of pyroclastic deposits — the telltale signature of volcanic explosions. Now more detailed data from MESSENGER shows that volcanoes exploded on Mercury for a substantial portion of the planet’s history. The findings suggest Mercury not only had volatiles but held on to them for longer than scientists had expected.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — The surface of Mercury crackled with volcanic explosions for extended periods of the planet’s history, according to a new analysis led by researchers at Brown University. The findings are surprising considering Mercury wasn’t supposed to have explosive volcanism in the first place, and they could have implications for understanding how Mercury formed. (more…)

Study proposes new ovarian cancer targets

By Guest PostApril 5, 2014Healthamerican cancer society, berlin spandau, brown university, cornelia niemeitz, einkaufen, gabriele fliegel, gene expression, jennifer powers, klimawerkstatt, kreislaufwirtschaft, lianas, ohne, protein, sequester carbon, tanja menkel, thomas fischer

Proteins called TAFs were once thought to be generic cogs in the machinery of gene expression, but in a new study Brown University scientists propose that they may be important suspects in the progression of ovarian cancer that should not continue to be overlooked.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — In the complex genomic and molecular conspiracy that gives rise to ovarian cancer, what if researchers have been missing a whole set of suspects because they’ve been hiding in plain sight? That’s the argument made by Brown University biologists in a new paper that combines evidence from original research and prior studies to raise new suspicions about a set of proteins that assist in regulating gene expression. (more…)

‘Melbourne Shuffle’ secures cloud data

By Guest PostMarch 31, 2014Technologyamazon web services, arxiv, brown university, cloud computing, cloud data, data access, dirty, elektroauto, eli upfal, encryption, eu projekt, pattern, verkehrsforscher, verkehrssystem

Encryption might not be enough for all that data stored in the cloud. An analysis of usage patterns — which files are accessed and when — can give away secrets as well. Computer scientists at Brown have developed an algorithm to sweep away those digital footprints. It’s a complicated series of dance-like moves they call the Melbourne Shuffle.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — To keep data safe in the cloud, a group of computer scientists suggests doing the Melbourne Shuffle. (more…)

Questions for Brandon Marshall: Predicting outcomes of HIV efforts in NYC

By Guest PostMarch 22, 2014Healthaffordable care act, brandon marshall, brown university, columbia university, david orenstein, drug user, high impact, hiv care, hiv efforts, hiv epidemic, hiv incidence, hiv treatment, hiv-positive, new york city, nyc, outcome, predictive computer model

New York City continues to battle an HIV epidemic, including among drug users. There are many possible interventions. Researchers have developed a sophisticated predictive computer model to help policymakers figure out which interventions, or combinations of interventions, would have the most meaningful impact.

Brandon Marshall, assistant professor of epidemiology at Brown University, has led the simulation effort ever since he was a postdoctoral scholar at Columbia University. In a new paper in the March edition of the journal Health Affairs a team from Brown and Columbia published the results of the simulation, which projects that New York can significantly reduce new infections among drug users by 2040 by implementing certain combinations of interventions. Marshall spoke with David Orenstein about what the predictive computer model shows. (more…)

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