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Rare Animal-Shaped Mounds Discovered in Peru by MU Anthropologist

By Guest PostApril 3, 2012Scienceandres ocas, animal shaped, bernardino ojeda, chan chan, charcoal eye, chillon valley, condor, egypt, google earth, image, june solstice, lucio laura, Milky Way, monstrous caiman, mounds, nazca, North America, ohio, omar ventocilla, peru, peruvian mounds, pyramids, robert benfer, serpent mound, south america, university of missouri

*Anthropology Helps Us Understand the Past and Allows for a Deeper Understanding of the Future.*

COLUMBIA, Mo. — For more than a century and a half, scientists and tourists have visited massive animal-shaped mounds, such as Serpent Mound in Ohio, created by the indigenous people of North America. But few animal effigy mounds had been found in South America until University of Missouri anthropology professor emeritus Robert Benfer identified numerous earthen animals rising above the coastal plains of Peru, a region already renowned for the Nazca lines, the ruined city of Chan Chan, and other cultural treasures.

“The mounds will draw tourists, one day,” Benfer said. “Some of them are more than 4,000 years old. Compare that to the effigy mounds of North America, which date to between 400 and 1200 AD. The oldest Peruvian mounds were being built at the same time as the pyramids in Egypt.” (more…)

Slow Snails, Fast Genes: Predatory Snails Refine Venoms Through Continuous Gene Duplication

By Guest PostApril 3, 2012Natureamerican samoa, cone snail, conotoxins, dan chang, DNA, gene, gene family, genus conus, hawaii, marine, molecular mechanism, neurotoxin, olfactory genes, panama, scorpion, snake, thomas duda, tropical, venoms

ANN ARBOR, Mich.— When tropical marine cone snails sink their harpoon-like teeth into their prey, they inject paralyzing venoms made from a potent mix of more than 100 different neurotoxins.

Biologists have known for more than a decade that the genes which provide the recipes for cone snail toxins are among the fastest-evolving genes in the animal kingdom, enabling these predatory gastropods to constantly refine their venoms to more precisely target the neuromuscular systems of their prey. (more…)

Scientists Identify Novel Pathway for T Cell Activation in Leprosy

By Guest PostApril 2, 2012Sciencecell signaling molecule, delphine j lee, dendritic cells, immune cells, infection, interleukin 32, lepromatous leprosy, leprosy, leprosy pathogen, mirjam schenk, monocytes, mycobacteria, mycobacterium leprae, nod2, peter a sieling, protein, robert modlin, skin, stephan r krutzik, t cells, tlr2, tuberloid leprosy, white blood cell

*Findings may help lead to new treatments for infectious diseases, cancer*

UCLA researchers have pinpointed a new mechanism that potently activates T cells, the group of white blood cells that plays a major role in fighting infections.

The team specifically studied how dendritic cells, immune cells located at the site of an infection, become more specialized to fight the leprosy pathogen known as Mycobacterium leprae. Dendritic cells, like scouts in the field of a military operation, deliver key information about an invading pathogen that helps activate the T cells in launching a more effective attack. (more…)

Yahoo! Unveils New Web Shows Featuring Cat Deeley, Rebecca Minkoff, and Michael Yo; Renews Second Season of Successful Women’s Slate Programming

By Guest PostApril 2, 2012Technologyallison fishman, blue ribbon hunter, cameron mathison, cat deeley, chow ciao, fabio viviani, failure club, judy greer, morgan spurlock, niecy nash, omg, rebecca minkoff, reluctantly healthy, web shows, Yahoo, yahoo screen

*Renewals include popular shows “Let’s Talk About Love,” “Reluctantly Healthy,” “Ultimate Surprises,” “Chow Ciao!,” and “Blue Ribbon Hunter”*

SUNNYVALE, Calif. — Following a successful first season of original premium Web shows targeted at women, Yahoo! Inc., the premier digital media company, today launches the second season of its women’s slate on Yahoo! Screen (https://screen.yahoo.com). The second season includes three new shows: “Style Studio with Rebecca Minkoff” hosted by the famed fashion designer (coming May 2012 ), “The Yo Show on Yahoo!,” featuring entertainment news reporter Michael Yo (launching today), and a new version of “In the Dressing Room with Cat Deeley” hosted by the fashion expert and TV personality (coming spring 2012). Yahoo! has also renewed five shows from the original women’s slate including “Let’s Talk About Love” with Niecy Nash, “Reluctantly Healthy” with Judy Greer, “Ultimate Surprises” (formerly known as “Ultimate Proposal”) with Cameron Mathison, “Chow Ciao!” with Fabio Viviani, and “Blue Ribbon Hunter” with Allison Fishman — all of which originally debuted in October 2011. Morgan Spurlock’s “Failure Club,” launched in November 2011, will continue documenting its year-long project; “omg! NOW,” Yahoo!’s daily entertainment news show will continue as well. Plus, new shows will be added to the slate in the coming months. (more…)

Newly Found Protein Helps Cells Build Tissues

By Guest PostApril 2, 2012Scienceantibody, bmps, bone morphogenic proteins, brown university, enzyme, fruit flies, gbb, gbb38, glass bottom boat, guillermo marques, kristi wharton, molecule, protein, signaling molecule, takuya akiyama, wing tissue

University biologists have found a new molecule in fruit flies that is key to the information exchange needed to build wings properly. They have also uncovered evidence that an analogous protein may exist in people and may be associated with problems such as cleft lip, or premature ovarian failure.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — As they work together to form body parts, cells in developing organisms communicate like workers at a construction site. The discovery of a new signaling molecule in flies by Brown University biologists not only helps explain how cells send many long-haul messages, but also provides new clues for researchers who study how human development goes awry, for instance in cases of cleft lip and palate. (more…)

Fossil Raindrop Impressions Imply Greenhouse Gases Loaded Early Atmosphere

By Guest PostApril 2, 2012Environmentames research center, atmosphere, atmospheric pressure, concentration, david catling, earth history, fossilized, greenhouse gases, jelte harnmeijer, latex peels, liquid water, low carbon innovation, peter polivka, pressure broadening, raindrop impression, raindrop velocity, roger buick, sanjoy som, seattle, South Africa, sun, temperature, warm temperature

In ancient Earth history, the sun burned as much as 30 percent dimmer than it does now. Theoretically that should have encased the planet in ice, but there is geologic evidence for rivers and ocean sediments between 2 billion and 4 billion years ago.

Scientists have speculated that temperatures warm enough to maintain liquid water were the result of a much thicker atmosphere, high concentrations of greenhouse gases or a combination of the two. (more…)

‘Mount Sharp’ on Mars Links Geology’s Past and Future

By Guest PostApril 1, 2012Sciencearizona, bob sharp, curiosity, edward stolper, gale crater, geological sciences, grand canyon, john grotzinger, ken edgett, life magazine, liquid water, mars, michael malin, mount rainier, mount sharp, NASA, robert p sharp, san diego, seattle, spacecraft

One particular mountain on Mars, bigger than Colorado’s grandest, has been beckoning would-be explorers since it was first sighted from orbit in the 1970s. Scientists have ideas about how it took shape in the middle of ancient Gale Crater and hopes for what evidence it could yield about whether conditions on Mars have favored life.

No mission to Mars dared approach it, though, until NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory mission, which this August will attempt to place its one-ton rover, Curiosity, at the foot of the mountain. The moat of flatter ground between the mountain and the crater rim encircling it makes too small a touchdown target to have been considered safe without precision-landing innovations used by this mission. (more…)

Bees ‘Self-Medicate’ When Infected With Some Pathogens

By Guest PostApril 1, 2012Scienceantibacterial, antifungal, antifungal agent, fungal species, fungal spores, honey bees, marla spivak, michael simone finstrom, natural defense, pathogen, plant resin, propolis, rate of infection, self-medicate

Research from North Carolina State University shows that honey bees “self-medicate” when their colony is infected with a harmful fungus, bringing in increased amounts of antifungal plant resins to ward off the pathogen.

“The colony is willing to expend the energy and effort of its worker bees to collect these resins,” says Dr. Michael Simone-Finstrom, a postdoctoral research scholar in NC State’s Department of Entomology and lead author of a paper describing the research. “So, clearly this behavior has evolved because the benefit to the colony exceeds the cost.” (more…)

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