Tag Archives: university of missouri

MU Research Sheds Light on Nerve Regeneration Following Spinal Cord Injury

By Guest PostDecember 6, 2013Healthactivation, andrew mcclellan, chemical signals, cyclic amp, eel like fish, emily frisch, group of molecules, level of injury, locomotion, mammals, molecule, nerve cell, nerve regeneration, neurons, reticulospinal neurons, sea lamprey, second messengers, spinal cord injury, timothy pale, university of missouri, vertebrate

COLUMBIA, Mo. – Fish, unlike humans, can regenerate nerve connections and recover normal mobility following an injury to their spinal cord. Now, University of Missouri researchers have discovered how the sea lamprey, an eel-like fish, regrows the neurons that comprise the long nerve “highways” that link the brain to the spinal cord. Findings may guide future efforts to promote recovery in humans who have suffered spinal cord injuries.

“There is a lot of attention to why, following a spinal cord injury, neurons regenerate in lower vertebrates, such as the sea lamprey, and why they don’t in higher vertebrates, such as humans,” said Andrew McClellan, professor of biological sciences in the College of Arts and Science and director of the UM Spinal Cord Injury Research Program (SCIRP). (more…)

Natural Compound Mitigates Effects of Methamphetamine Abuse, University of Missouri Researchers Find

By Guest PostNovember 26, 2013Healthalzheimer's disease, behavioral impairments, bond life, brain, colored vegetables, dennis miller, disease research, dopamine level, drug addiction, effects, grace y sun, hyperactivity, methamphetamine abuse, mizzou advantage, model, natural compound, neurodegenerative disorders, neurological, neurotransmitter dopamine, parkinsons disease, resveratrol containing products, sciences center, stroke, sustainable energy, university of missouri

COLUMBIA, Mo. – Studies have shown that resveratrol, a natural compound found in colored vegetables, fruits and especially grapes, may minimize the impact of Parkinson’s disease, stroke and Alzheimer’s disease in those who maintain healthy diets or who regularly take resveratrol supplements. Now, researchers at the University of Missouri have found that resveratrol may also block the effects of the highly addictive drug, methamphetamine.

Dennis Miller, associate professor in the Department of Psychological Sciences in the College of Arts & Science and an investigator with the Bond Life Sciences Center, and researchers in the Center for Translational Neuroscience at MU, study therapies for drug addiction and neurodegenerative disorders. Their research targets treatments for methamphetamine abuse and has focused on the role of the neurotransmitter dopamine in drug addiction. Dopamine levels in the brain surge after methamphetamine use; this increase is associated with the motivation to continue using the drug, despite its adverse consequences. However, with repeated methamphetamine use, dopamine neurons may degenerate causing neurological and behavioral impairments, similar to those observed in people with Parkinson’s disease. (more…)

Pacific Ocean Temperature Influences Tornado Activity in U.S., MU Study Finds

By Guest PostNovember 4, 2013Environmentalabama, atmospheric science, ef scale, enhanced fuijta scale, illinois, Indiana, into tennessee, jerett rion, laurel mccoy, pacific decadal oscillation, pacific ocean temperature, pdo, sea temperature, strength of tornados, tony lupo, tornado activity, united states, university of missouri, US, weather conditions

COLUMBIA, Mo. – Meteorologists often use information about warm and cold fronts to determine whether a tornado will occur in a particular area. Now, a University of Missouri researcher has found that the temperature of the Pacific Ocean could help scientists predict the type and location of tornado activity in the U.S.

Laurel McCoy, an atmospheric science graduate student at the MU School of Natural Resources, and Tony Lupo, professor and chair of atmospheric science in the College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, surveyed 56,457 tornado-like events from 1950 to 2011. They found that when surface sea temperatures were warmer than average, the U.S. experienced 20.3 percent more tornados that were rated EF-2 to EF-5 on the Enhanced Fuijta (EF) scale. (The EF scale rates the strength of tornados based on the damage they cause. The scale has six category rankings from zero to five.) (more…)

First Step to Reduce Plant Need for Nitrogen Fertilizer Uncovered in Science Study

By Guest PostOctober 13, 2013Sciencebacteria, beneficial relationship, gary stacey, mechanism, nitrogen fertilizer, pathogen, plant, plant need, rhizobia, soybeans, tomatoes, university of missouri, yan liang

MU scientists say discovery could save farmers billions and protect the environment.

COLUMBIA, Mo. — Nitrogen fertilizer costs U.S. farmers approximately $8 billion each year, and excess fertilizer can find its way into rivers and streams, damaging the delicate water systems. Now, a discovery by a team of University of Missouri researchers could be the first step toward helping crops use less nitrogen, benefitting both farmers’ bottom lines and the environment. The journal Science published the research this month.

Gary Stacey, an investigator in the MU Bond Life Sciences Center and professor of plant sciences in the College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, found that crops, such as corn, are “confused” when confronted with an invasive, but beneficial, bacteria known as rhizobia bacteria. When the bacteria interact correctly with a crop, the bacteria receive some food from the plant and, simultaneously, produce nitrogen that most plants need. In his study, Stacey found that many other crops recognize the bacteria, but do not attempt to interact closely with them. (more…)

MU Researchers Identify Risk-Factors for Addictive Video-Game Use among Adults

By Guest PostOctober 6, 2013Scienceaddictive video game, adults, bruce bartholow, christopher engelhardt, diablo, fantasy worlds, farmville, games, joe hilgard, mmorpgs, play games, playing video game, problematic video game, risk factors, social interaction, university of missouri, use, world of warcraft

Escapism, social interaction and rewards fuel problematic gaming behaviors

COLUMBIA, Mo. – New research from the University of Missouri indicates escapism, social interaction and rewards fuel problematic video-game use among “very casual” to “hardcore” adult gamers. Understanding individual motives that contribute to unhealthy game play could help counselors identify and treat individuals addicted to video games.

“The biggest risk factor for pathological video game use seems to be playing games to escape from daily life,” said Joe Hilgard, a doctoral candidate in the Department of Psychological Sciences in the MU College of Arts and Science. “Individuals who play games to get away from their lives or to pretend to be other people seem to be those most at-risk for becoming part of a vicious cycle. These gamers avoid their problems by playing games, which in turn interferes with their lives because they’re so busy playing games.” (more…)

MU Scientist Finds Late Cretaceous Period Was Likely Ice-free

By Guest PostSeptember 28, 2013Environment, ScienceAntarctica, benthic foraminifera, carbon dioxide levels, CO2, environmental conditions, fossilized shells, grain of salt, greenland, ice free, ken macleod, late cretaceous climate, late cretaceous period, modern warming, planktic, ppm, single celled organisms, Tanzania, university of missouri

Study results could foreshadow earth’s future climate, MU researcher says

COLUMBIA, Mo. – For years, scientists have thought that a continental ice sheet formed during the Late Cretaceous Period more than 90 million years ago when the climate was much warmer than it is today. Now, a University of Missouri researcher has found evidence suggesting that no ice sheet formed at this time. This finding could help environmentalists and scientists predict what the earth’s climate will be as carbon dioxide levels continue to rise.

“Currently, carbon dioxide levels are just above 400 parts per million (ppm), up approximately 120 ppm in the last 150 years and rising about 2 ppm each year,” said Ken MacLeod, a professor of geological sciences at MU. “In our study, we found that during the Late Cretaceous Period, when carbon dioxide levels were around 1,000 ppm, there were no continental ice sheets on earth. So, if carbon dioxide levels continue to rise, the earth will be ice-free once the climate comes into balance with the higher levels.” (more…)

Facebook Use by Organizations During Crises Helps Public Image, MU Study Finds

By Guest PostSeptember 9, 2013Technologybokyung kim, crisis management, facebook posts, facebook use, organization, popular website, public relations, seoyeon hong, social networking site, tool, university of missouri

PR professionals can improve public attitudes by communicating through Facebook during times of crisis

COLUMBIA, Mo. — Social networking sites have become incredibly popular in recent years, with Facebook now ranking as the third most popular website in the U.S. With so many people spending so much time on Facebook, public relations professionals are using the site more and more to communicate to the public. Now, researchers at the University of Missouri School of Journalism have found that posting public relations information on Facebook during a time of crisis can improve the overall image of the organization that is experiencing the crisis.

Seoyeon Hong, a doctoral candidate in the MU School of Journalism, along with co-author Bokyung Kim, a professor at Rowan University and former doctoral student at MU, created two fictional universities and gave participants news stories about organizational crises each university was experiencing. After the participants read the news stories, she measured their attitudes about each university and how severe they thought the crisis was. She then showed the participants Facebook posts from the universities’ main Facebook accounts which gave additional information and messages directly from the universities. Hong then measured the participants’ attitudes a second time and found that following the Facebook posts, attitudes toward the universities were significantly more positive than before participants read the posts. She also found that participants felt the crises were less severe following the Facebook posts. Hong believes these findings show the positive impact Facebook can make in crisis management efforts. (more…)

Toxic Nanoparticles Might be Entering Human Food Supply, MU Study Finds

By Guest PostAugust 25, 2013Environment, Healthazlin mustapha, bongkosh vardhanabhuti, cosmetics, digestion, human food supply, mengshi lin, mu study, nanomaterials, pesticides, toxic nanoparticles, toxicity, university of missouri, water treatment, zhong zang

Scientists develop new way to detect threatening nanoparticles in food

COLUMBIA, Mo. – Over the last few years, the use of nanomaterials for water treatment, food packaging, pesticides, cosmetics and other industries has increased. For example, farmers have used silver nanoparticles as a pesticide because of their capability to suppress the growth of harmful organisms. However, a growing concern is that these particles could pose a potential health risk to humans and the environment. In a new study, researchers at the University of Missouri have developed a reliable method for detecting silver nanoparticles in fresh produce and other food products.

“More than 1,000 products on the market are nanotechnology-based products,” said Mengshi Lin, associate professor of food science in the MU College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources. “This is a concern because we do not know the toxicity of the nanoparticles. Our goal is to detect, identify and quantify these nanoparticles in food and food products and study their toxicity as soon as possible.” (more…)