gender – Shamskm: A site to exchange knowledge and solutions

Female company directors are better judges of longer-term company performance

By Guest PostJune 7, 2013Economyaim stock exchanges, alan gregory, company performance, company value, corporate performance, director, emma jeanes, female company directors, gender, groundbreaking research, hostile environment, longer term, male director, michelle ryan, negative perceptions, rajesh tharyan, uk, university of exeter

Groundbreaking research by the University of Exeter Business School reveals that female company directors defy negative gender stereotyping by astutely valuing future company performance.

The stock market responds more positively to trades made by male directors in their own company stock than their female counterparts, new research reveals.

However, over the longer term (3 – 12 months), returns made by female directors’ on trades in their own company stock are at least equal to, or exceed, those of their male counterparts.

The study by the University of Exeter Business School analysed over 80,000 legal trades made by directors of companies listed on the London and AIM stock exchanges. It is commonly assumed that when a director buys shares in their own company, they believe it to be undervalued by the stock market and this frequently leads to investors buying more stocks in that company and pushing up the share price. (more…)

Body Weight and Gender Influence Judgment in the Courtroom

By Guest PostJanuary 15, 2013Healthalleged defendant, bias, body weight, depth of stigmatization, discrimination, gender, journal of obesity, lean female, lean male, natasha schvey, obese female, obese male, obese people, overweight, perceptions of guilt, responsibility, weight related stigma, weight stigma, yale rudd center

In a study that offers insight into the depth of stigmatization of overweight and obese people, researchers at the Yale Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity found that weight stigma extends to the courtroom. Published online in the International Journal of Obesity, the study shows that a defendant’s body weight and gender impact jurors’ perceptions of guilt and responsibility.

Researchers conducted an online study with 471 adult participants. They were presented with a mock court case, including images of alleged defendants. Participants viewed one of four defendant images: a lean male, a lean female, an obese male, and an obese female. After viewing the image, participants were then asked to rate how guilty they thought the defendant was. (more…)

Among Voters Lacking Strong Party Preferences, Obama Faces 20 Percent Handicap Due to Race Bias

By Guest PostOctober 7, 2012Politicsamerican electorate, anthony greenwald, association test, Barack Obama, black, brian nosek, data, election, electorate, eligible voter, ethnicity, gender, implicit, kaiyuan xu, mitt romney, online study, polarized, political party, politically partisan, popular vote, preference, presidential candidate, race, race bias, racial attitude, sexuality, sianna ziegler, sriram natarajan, teri kirby, university, Washington, white

An online study of eligible voters around the country revealed that preferences for whites over blacks among the least politically-partisan voters are strong enough to have substantial impact on their presidential candidate preference.

Among these voters, race biases against Barack Obama could produce as much as a 20 percent gap in the popular vote in a contest that would otherwise be equal. (more…)

Face to Face

By Guest PostSeptember 10, 2012Scienceadult, african, ann manser, anna grant, asian faces, asian infants, brian larue, canada, caucasian faces, caucasian infants, China, concept formation, cristin, daily live, dayna damico, delaware, elise coopersmith, Europe, face, face to face, facial recognition, female face, fundamental challenge, gender, infant, laurie yarzab, mckenna larue, paige valeski, parent, pathway, paul quinn, process, race, south asian, university

Research finds infants classify faces by gender, race

Long before babies can talk — even before they can sit up on their own — they are mentally forming categories for objects and animals in a way that, for example, sets apart squares from triangles and cats from dogs, psychologists say.

Now, research conducted by the University of Delaware’s Paul Quinn, professor of psychology, and others indicates that babies as young as 3 months are also classifying faces by race and gender, showing a visual preference for the category they see most often in their daily lives, and that by 9 months they have difficulty recognizing the faces of people from less-familiar races. (more…)

Teens Tell Different Tales about Themselves Depending on Gender, Says MU Researcher

By Guest PostSeptember 6, 2012Culture, General, Healthadolescence, autobiographical narrative, brown university, emory university, emotional state, gender, jennifer bohanek, missouri, negative stories, parent, personal identity, reflect, robyn fivush, sally grapin, self, sense, transition, university, widaad zaman, young people

Parents can use knowledge to help steer teens through life changes

COLUMBIA, Mo. — During adolescence, the stories young people tell about themselves reflects their development of a personal identity and sense of self, and those autobiographical narratives vary depending on the teens’ gender, according to a University of Missouri psychologist and her colleagues. Parents can use this knowledge of how teens talk about themselves to help understand the tumultuous transitions of their children into adults.

“Autobiographical stories tell us details about adolescent psychology that questionnaires and observations of behavior cannot,” said Jennifer Bohanek, assistant professor of psychological sciences in the College of Arts and Science. “Narratives provide information about how adolescents interpret memories as well as how they come to know themselves. Other people then come to know the teens by the stories they tell about themselves. The differences between study participants’ stories suggest there may be differences in the way male and female teens understand themselves and present themselves to the world.” (more…)

Research Focuses on Youth, Chronic Illness and Employment

By Guest PostJanuary 14, 2012Economy, General, Healthadulthood, arif jetha, arthritis, canada, canadian economy, canadians, chronic diseases, disabling health conditions, employment, fatigue, flexible work schedules, gender, health status, juvenile arthritis, kelly rankin, lupus, major limb trauma, musculoskeletal disorders, osteoporosis, phd candidate, post doctoral work, public health agency, social determinant, spinal cord injuries, spinal disorders, university of toronto, yhes, young adulthood

*PhD candidate explores their interconnection*

Like any 28 year old, Arif Jetha, a fourth-year PhD candidate at the University of Toronto’s Dalla Lana School of Public Health, is worrying about his future. Once he completes his PhD, should he remain at home with his parents and pursue post-doctoral work or move on to full-time employment and begin establishing his career?

Then, he thinks about the participants in his Young Adult, Health and Employment Study (YHES) ) and realizes his own challenges pale in comparison to theirs. They are 18- to 30-year-olds who live with disabling health conditions such as lupus, juvenile arthritis and spinal cord injuries, and the transition to adulthood and employment is often exacerbated by their health status. (more…)

Fit Females Make More Daughters, Mighty Males Get Grandsons

By Guest PostJanuary 9, 2012Scienceanimal kingdom, broad horned flour beetle, daughters, david hosken, eggs, female, gender, gnatocerus cornutus, high quality females, Japan, kyushu university, large jaws, male flour beetles, mammals, manipulate the sex, masculine body shape, offspring, okayama university, university of exeter, vice-versa, weaker females

*Females influence the gender of their offspring so they inherit either their mother’s or grandfather’s qualities. ‘High-quality’ females – those which produce more offspring – are more likely to have daughters.*

*Weaker females, whose own fathers were stronger and more successful, produce more sons.*

The study, by scientists at the University of Exeter (UK), Okayama University and Kyushu University (Japan), is published today (9 January) in the journal Ecology Letters. It shows for the first time that females are able to manipulate the sex of their offspring to compensate for the fact that some of the genes which make a good male make a bad female and vice versa.

The research focuses on the broad-horned flour beetle, Gnatocerus cornutus, but the team believes the findings could apply to other species across the animal kingdom, even mammals. (more…)

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