To safely use bacteria in agriculture to help fertilize crops, it is vital to understand the difference between harmful and healthy strains. The bacterial genus Burkholderia, for example, includes dangerous disease-causing pathogens — one species has even been listed as a potential bioterrorist agent — but also many species that are safe and important for plant development.
Can the microbial good and evil be told apart? Yes, UCLA life scientists and an international team of researchers report Jan. 8 in the online journal PLOS ONE. (more…)
COLLEGE PARK, Md. – Cold-sensitive mangrove forests have expanded dramatically along Florida’s Atlantic Coast as the frequency of killing frosts has declined, according to a new study based on 28 years of satellite data from the University of Maryland and the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center in Edgewater, Md.
Between 1984 and 2011, the Florida Atlantic coast from the Miami area northward gained more than 3,000 acres (1,240 hectares) of mangroves. All the increase occurred north of Palm Beach County. Between Cape Canaveral National Seashore and Saint Augustine, mangroves doubled in area. Meanwhile between the study’s first five years and its last five years, nearby Daytona Beach recorded 1.4 fewer days per year when temperatures fell below 28.4 degrees Fahrenheit (-4 degrees Celsius). The number of killing frosts in southern Florida was unchanged.(more…)
Das zunehmende Schwinden der Gletscher im 21. Jahrhundert wird weltweit zu massiven Veränderungen führen und das potenzielle Risiko von Naturgefahren, wie Überschwemmungen und Erdrutschen, erhöhen. Zu diesem Ergebnis kam ein Forschungsteam aus Österreich und Schweden in Zusammenarbeit mit Zentralasien im Rahmen eines zweijährigen EU-Projekts. Hermann Häusler, Umweltgeowissenschafter an der Universität Wien, modellierte mit seinem Team die Gletscherentwicklung im Tien-Shan-Gebirge in Kirgisien bis zum Jahr 2050.
An dem CIRCLE-2 MOUNTain Projekt (Climate Impact Research & Response Coordination for a Larger Europe) sind WissenschafterInnen aus Österreich, Deutschland, der Schweiz, der Tschechischen Republik, Schweden, Kirgisien, Kasachstan, Usbekistan und den USA beteiligt. (more…)
Potential for Storing Meltwater Important for Calculating Sea-Level Rise
Researchers at the University of Utah have discovered a new aquifer in the Greenland Ice Sheet that holds liquid water all year long in the otherwise perpetually frozen winter landscape. The aquifer is extensive, covering 27,000 square miles.
The reservoir is known as a “perennial firn aquifer” because water persists within the firn – layers of snow and ice that don’t melt for at least one season. Researchers believe it figures significantly in understanding the contribution of snowmelt and ice melt to rising sea levels. (more…)
For the first time, maps and summaries of historical and projected temperature and precipitation changes for the 21st century for the continental U.S. are accessible at a county-by-county level on a website developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in collaboration with the College of Earth, Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences at Oregon State University.
The maps and summaries are based on NASA downscaling of the 33 climate models used in the 5th Climate Model Intercomparison Project and the current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Assessment Report. The resulting NASA dataset is on an 800-meter grid with national coverage. (more…)
UD oceanographer reports on human-caused changes to carbon cycling
Carbon dioxide pumped into the air since the Industrial Revolution appears to have changed the way the coastal ocean functions, according to a new analysis published this week in Nature.
A comprehensive review of research on carbon cycling in rivers, estuaries and continental shelves suggests that collectively this coastal zone now takes in more carbon dioxide than it releases. The shift could impact global models of carbon’s flow through the environment and future predictions related to climate change. (more…)
Rising water temperatures as a result of climate change may harm already endangered or threatened native freshwater mussels in North America, according to a new U.S. Geological Survey report.
During laboratory tests, USGS scientists and partners found that the heart and growth rates of some species of young freshwater mussels declined as a result of elevated water temperatures, and many died. Freshwater mussels have been compared to the “canary in the coal mine” in that they are indicators of good water and sediment quality in U.S. rivers. They are also important in the aquatic food web, filter large amounts of water and suspended particles, and serve as food for other organisms. The study is published in the December issue of the journal Freshwater Science. (more…)
NABU fordert Vorreiterrolle Deutschlands bei UN-Klimakonferenz in Warschau
Auf der UN-Klimakonferenz debattiereren derzeit Vertreter von 195 Staaten und NGO’s über notwendige Maßnahmen beim Klimaschutz. Mit dabei ist auch Ulf Sieberg, Energieexperte beim NABU. Im Interview liefert er seine Eindrücke vor Beginn der entscheidenden Verhandlungsphase in Warschau.
Die UN-Klimakonferenz tagt zurzeit in Warschau. Was genau passiert dort?
Der Klimawandel macht vor Ländergrenzen nicht halt. Um ihm entgegenzuwirken sind internationale Abkommen wie die 1992 in New York beschlossene Klimarahmenkonvention notwendig, welche das Ziel formulierte, die negativen Auswirkungen menschlichen Handelns auf das Klima zu reduzieren. Auf einer seither jährlich stattfindenden Klimakonferenz, der United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), treffen die politischen Vertreter aus nahezu 200 Ländern der Welt als auch zahlreiche Nichtregierungs-Organisationen, um in unterschiedlichen Gremien einen Weltklimavertrag auszuhandeln. (more…)
