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New book explores ‘frontier’ metaphor in science

By Guest PostMay 1, 2014Sciencebiologist, boris stromar, cyverse, dunkle materie, endangered species, erin fuller, exploitation, exploration, gopherus evgoodei, kiesgepraegter strom, new book, taylor edwards, thornscrub tortoise, vermessung des weltalls, weltraum

Leah Ceccarelli is a professor of communication and author of the book “On the Frontier of Science: An American Rhetoric of Exploration and Exploitation.” She answered a few questions about the book for UW Today.

Q: What’s the concept behind this book? Why did you write it?

A: I kept seeing appeals to the American frontier spirit in the public arguments of scientists. That rhetoric was often inspiring, giving scientists an exciting image of their work across the metaphorical “boundaries” of knowledge. But it was also troubling in the expectations it set out about the manifest destiny of scientists to push forward at all costs, and in the way it reinforced their separation from a public that funds their endeavors. (more…)

Eu:CROPIS: Tomatenzucht im Weltall

By Guest PostMay 1, 2014Science2042, atmosphaere, blogscopia, coincide, dev millstein, dlr, doschdesign, eu, fau, finding life, leslie rogers, mars, meichun cao, mikroorganismen, mond, olaf stursberg, other planets, pablo rosado, ronnen levinson, rotation

Eine Überlebensgemeinschaft aus Bakterien, Tomaten und einzelligen Algen, künstlicher Urin und ein Satellit, der mit seiner Rotation um seine Achse die Schwerkraft von Mond und Mars simulieren kann – das sind die Bestandteile der Mission Eu:CROPIS (Euglena and Combined Regenerative Organic-Food Production in Space) des Deutschen Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR). 2016 sollen zwei Gewächshäuser ins Weltall starten, in denen ein kombiniertes Lebenserhaltungssystem das Abfallprodukt Urin zu Dünger verwertet und so das Wachstum von Tomaten für Mond- und Marshabitate sowie Langzeitmissionen ermöglicht. Die Mission wird über ein Jahr laufen, anschließend verglüht der Satellit in der Atmosphäre. (more…)

Misleading mineral may have led to overestimate of water in moon

By Guest PostApril 30, 2014Scienceandrew dunn, apatite, apatite crystals, autonomes fahren, autos, bubble pen, bubble pen lithography, carrolls katze, chlorine, crystallization, deanna janzen, deji akinwande, katze zeta, kooperieren, margret boysen, nanofabrication, overestimate, p53 mutations, sanaz memarzadeh, ucla, write with nanoparticles

Discovery of hydrogen-rich apatite in lunar rocks hinted at more watery past. Think again, says UCLA’s Jeremy Boyce.

The amount of water present in the moon may have been overestimated by scientists studying the mineral apatite, says a team of researchers led by Jeremy Boyce of the UCLA Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences.

Boyce and his colleagues created a computer model to accurately predict how apatite would have crystallized from cooling bodies of lunar magma early in the moon’s history. Their simulations revealed that the unusually hydrogen-rich apatite crystals observed in many lunar rock samples may not have formed within a water-rich environment, as was originally expected. (more…)

Bei befürchteter Strafe steigt die Kooperationsbereitschaft

By Guest PostApril 29, 2014Sciencebefuerchtung von strafe, gefangenendilemma, kooperationsbereitschaft von menschen, kooperationsverhalten, soziale normen

Menschen neigen dazu, einander zu helfen – zumindest wesentlich öfter und stärker als Tiere. Warum das so ist, haben Innsbrucker Ökonomen untersucht. In einem Aufsatz für das Fachjournal PNAS zeigen sie nun: Die Bereitschaft zur Kooperation ist dann hoch, wenn Menschen bei Nicht-Kooperation Strafen befürchten

Für die Kooperationsbereitschaft von Menschen sind soziale Normen verantwortlich, das ist in der Literatur unbestritten. Diese Normen sorgen auch dafür, dass Menschen, anders als die meisten Tiere, auch Personen helfen, die genetisch nicht mit ihnen verwandt sind und die sie mitunter nicht einmal kennen. (more…)

A new twist for better steel

By Guest PostApril 29, 2014Scienceductile steel, steel making, strength ductility limit, strength ductility tradeoff, twip steel

In steel making, two desirable qualities — strength and ductility — tend to be at odds: Stronger steel is less ductile, and more ductile steel is not as strong. Engineers at Brown University, three Chinese universities, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences have shown that when cylinders of steel are twisted, their strength is improved without sacrificing ductility. (more…)

Study: People Pay More Attention to the Upper Half of Field of Vision

By Guest PostApril 27, 2014Sciencefruit fly hybrids, hybrid inviability gene, jing feng, milliseconds, nitin phadnis, north Carolina, paleo diaet, state university, university of toronto, vegetarier

A new study from North Carolina State University and the University of Toronto finds that people pay more attention to the upper half of their field of vision – a finding which could have ramifications for everything from traffic signs to software interface design.

“Specifically, we tested people’s ability to quickly identify a target amidst visual clutter,” says Dr. Jing Feng, an assistant professor of psychology at NC State and lead author of a paper on the work. “Basically, we wanted to see where people concentrate their attention at first glance.” (more…)

Zusammenspiel von Gehirnrhythmen koordiniert die Kommunikation der Nervenzellen

By Guest PostApril 27, 2014Sciencefroesche, handelsbeziehungen, kroeten, mike palazzolo, neuron images, ostern, poor pay more, save money, striatum, strommarkt, universitaet tuebingen

Tübinger Neurowissenschaftler untersuchen, wie Bewegungen gesteuert werden

Obwohl wir uns dessen nur selten bewusst sind, beruhen schon einfachste Bewegungen unseres Körpers wie das Heben einer Hand auf der komplexen Kommunikation zahlreicher verteilter Hirnregionen. Neuere Befunde legen nahe, dass die rhythmische elektrische Aktivität von Nervenzellen wesentlich für diese Kommunikationsprozesse ist. Jedoch ist die genaue Funktion verschiedener Hirnrhythmen und ihrer Wechselwirkungen bislang weitestgehend unbekannt. (more…)

Heat of mantle sets height of mid-ocean ridges

By Guest PostApril 27, 2014Sciencealex rodriguez, brown university, chemistry, chris mills, earth crust, ende der sowjetunion, game developers, game troopers, hitcents, indian ocean, informelle maerkte, innospark, kleinhaendler, mid ocean ridges, ocean floor, secret sauce, seismic data, steve guggenheimer, steve sy kim, stickman users, susanne fehlings

By analyzing the speed of seismic waves generated by earthquakes, scientists have shown that temperature differences deep within Earth’s mantle control the elevation and volcanic activity along mid-ocean ridges, the colossal mountain ranges that line the ocean floor. Recent research sheds new light on how temperature in the depths of the mantle influences the contours of the Earth’s crust.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Scientists have shown that temperature differences deep within Earth’s mantle control the elevation and volcanic activity along mid-ocean ridges, the colossal mountain ranges that line the ocean floor. The findings, published April 4 in the journal Science, shed new light on how temperature in the depths of the mantle influences the contours of the Earth’s crust. (more…)

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