The study, conducted by assistant professor of cardiology Dr. Reza Ardehali and colleagues, resolves a recent controversy over whether the heart muscle has the power to regenerate itself. The findings are also important for future research that could lead to the regeneration of heart tissue to repair damage caused by disease or heart attack. (more…)
The area of the brain that plays a primary role in emotional learning and the acquisition of fear – the amygdala – may hold the key to who is most vulnerable to post-traumatic stress disorder.
Researchers at the University of Washington, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Boston University collaborated on a unique opportunity to study whether patterns of brain activity predict teenagers’ response to a terrorist attack. (more…)
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a substantially increased risk of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in older people, according to the most robust study of its kind ever conducted.
An international team, led by Dr David Llewellyn at the University of Exeter Medical School, found that study participants who were severely Vitamin D deficient were more than twice as likely to develop dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.
The team studied elderly Americans who took part in the Cardiovascular Health Study. They discovered that adults in the study who were moderately deficient in vitamin D had a 53 per cent increased risk of developing dementia of any kind, and the risk increased to 125 per cent in those who were severely deficient. (more…)
A woman’s supply of eggs is a precious commodity because only a few hundred mature eggs can be produced throughout her lifetime and each must be as free as possible from genetic damage. Part of egg production involves a winnowing of the egg supply during fetal development, childhood and into adulthood down from a large starting pool. New research by Carnegie’s Alex Bortvin and postdoctoral fellow Safia Malki have gained new insights into the earliest stages of egg selection, which may have broad implications for women’s health and fertility. The work is reported in the early on-line edition of Developmental Cell. (more…)
Kyung-Suk Kim and Mazen Diab have worked out the mathematics of how wrinkles form in solid materials under compression — and how, under more compression, those wrinkles can become creases. The mathematics of wrinkles and creases could help in the design of flexible electronic circuits, artificial skin, and soft robotic grips and may help explain brain injuries due to compression.
PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Wrinkles, creases and folds are everywhere in nature, from the surface of human skin to the buckled crust of the Earth. They can also be useful structures for engineers. Wrinkles in thin films, for example, can help make durable circuit boards for flexible electronics. (more…)
An evolutionarily ancient and tiny part of the brain tracks expectations about nasty events, finds new UCL research funded by the Medical Research Council.
The study, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, demonstrates for the first time that the human habenula, half the size of a pea, tracks predictions about negative events, like painful electric shocks, suggesting a role in learning from bad experiences. (more…)
Tübinger Biochemiker entdecken wichtige Rolle der glatten Muskelzellen für die Plaquebildung bei Atherosklerose – und einen neuen Ansatzpunkt für die Behandlung von Herzerkrankungen
Atherosklerose, umgangssprachlich auch Arterienverkalkung genannt, kann zu Herzinfarkt und Schlaganfall führen und ist die häufigste Todesursache in der westlichen Welt. Wissenschaftler kennen bereits etliche Faktoren wie zum Beispiel einen hohen Cholesterinspiegel, die bei der chronisch entzündlichen Erkrankung zu Ablagerungen und Verdickungen in den Wänden der Blutgefäße führen. Diese Plaques engen die Gefäße häufig stark ein oder führen sogar zur Bildung von Blutgerinnseln, so dass Herz oder Gehirn nicht mehr ausreichend mit Blut und Sauerstoff versorgt und in der Folge geschädigt werden. Um die komplizierten Abläufe, die zu den gefährlichen atherosklerotischen Plaques führen, besser zu verstehen, haben Wissenschaftler vom Interfakultären Institut für Biochemie (IFIB) der Universität Tübingen die Rolle glatter Muskelzellen aus der Gefäßwand in einer neuen Studie genauer untersucht. Ihre an Mäusen gewonnenen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Wandlungsfähigkeit dieser Zellen und ihre Bedeutung bei der Krankheitsentstehung bei früheren Experimenten deutlich unterschätzt wurden. Nun zeichnet sich auch eine neue Strategie für die Therapie ab. (more…)
In the past decade, scientists have identified a handful of genes connected with Parkinson’s disease. Now, a team of UCLA researchers has identified another gene involved in the neurological disorder. Their finding may provide a target for drugs that could one day prevent or even cure the debilitating illness. (more…)
