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Water Evaporated from Trees Cools Global Climate

By Guest PostSeptember 17, 2011Environmentatmosphere, central park, earth, emissions of carbon dioxide, evaporated water, evaporation, george ban-weiss, global balance of energy, global climate, global warming, govindasamy bala, greenhouse gas, julia pongratz, ken caldeira, new york, vegetation, water, water vapor

Washington, DC — Scientists have long debated about the impact on global climate of water evaporated from vegetation. New research from Carnegie’s Global Ecology department concludes that evaporated water helps cool the earth as a whole, not just the local area of evaporation, demonstrating that evaporation of water from trees and lakes could have a cooling effect on the entire atmosphere. These findings, published September 14 in Environmental Research Letters, have major implications for land-use decision making.

Evaporative cooling is the process by which a local area is cooled by the energy used in the evaporation process, energy that would have otherwise heated the area’s surface. It is well known that the paving over of urban areas and the clearing of forests can contribute to local warming by decreasing local evaporative cooling, but it was not understood whether this decreased evaporation would also contribute to global warming (more…)

UF Study Names New Ancient Crocodile Relative from The Land of Titanoboa

By Guest PostSeptember 17, 2011Scienceacherontisuchus guajiraensis, age of dinosaurs, alex hastings, ancient crocodile, ancient crocodyliform, asteroid impact, atlantic ocean, caribbean, carlos jaramillo, catastrophes, cerrejon mine of northern colombia, changes in climate, christopher brochu, colombian coal mine, crocodiles, diversity of animals, dyrosaurid, ecological changes, environmental changes, fossils, freshwater environments, greek mythology, jonathan bloch, largest snake, oldest known rainforest ecosystem, open pit coal mines, palaeontology, Paleocene, river acheron, species, the river of woe, titanoboa, university of florida, warmer climate

GAINESVILLE, Fla. — Did an ancient crocodile relative give the world’s largest snake a run for its money?

In a new study appearing Sept. 15 in the journal Palaeontology, University of Florida researchers describe a new 20-foot extinct species discovered in the same Colombian coal mine with Titanoboa, the world’s largest snake. The findings help scientists better understand the diversity of animals that occupied the oldest known rainforest ecosystem, which had higher temperatures than today, and could be useful for understanding the impacts of a warmer climate in the future. (more…)

NASA’s Kepler Discovery Confirms First Planet Orbiting Two Stars

By Guest PostSeptember 16, 2011Sciencebinary system, double sunset, Galaxy, gravitational pull, gravitational tug on stars, habitable zone, john knoll, kepler 16b, kepler mission, kepler space telescope, laurance doyle, NASA, planet orbiting two stars, san francisco, saturn, star wars, tatooine, visual effects, william borucki

PASADENA, Calif. — The existence of a world with a double sunset, as portrayed in the film Star Wars more than 30 years ago, is now scientific fact. NASA’s Kepler mission has made the first unambiguous detection of a circumbinary planet — a planet orbiting two stars — 200 light-years from Earth.

Unlike Star Wars’ Tatooine, the planet is cold, gaseous and not thought to harbor life, but its discovery demonstrates the diversity of planets in our galaxy. Previous research has hinted at the existence of circumbinary planets, but clear confirmation proved elusive. Kepler detected such a planet, known as Kepler-16b, by observing transits, where the brightness of a parent star dims from the planet crossing in front of it. (more…)

MSU Scientists Suggest How Countries Can Cooperate on Climate

By Guest PostSeptember 16, 2011Environmentclimate change risk, climate policy, greenhouse gas mitigation, linear compensation

EAST LANSING, Mich. — When countries try to work together to limit the effects of climate change, the fear of being the only nation reducing greenhouse gas emissions – while the others enjoy the benefits with no sacrifice – can bring cooperation to a grinding halt. (more…)

NASA Mars Research Helps Find Buried Water on Earth

By Guest PostSeptember 16, 2011Scienceairborne sounding radar for aquifer mapping, airborne sounding radar prototype, arabian peninsula, depth and extent of aquifers, earth desert, essam heggy, evidence for climate change, geological processes, jet propulsion laboratory, low frequency radar signal, maps of freshwater aquifers, mars orbiting spacecraft, muhammad al rashed, NASA, north africa, northern kuwait, radar sounding technology, semi arid environments, southwestern united states, subsurface of mars, water saturated zones, west and central asia

PASADENA, Calif. — A NASA-led team has used radar sounding technology developed to explore the subsurface of Mars to create high-resolution maps of freshwater aquifers buried deep beneath an Earth desert, in the first use of airborne sounding radar for aquifer mapping.

The research may help scientists better locate and map Earth’s desert aquifers, understand current and past hydrological conditions in Earth’s deserts and assess how climate change is impacting them. Deserts cover roughly 20 percent of Earth’s land surface, including highly populated regions in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, west and central Asia and the southwestern United States. (more…)

Something Odd Is Happening With Namibia’s Weather

By Guest PostSeptember 16, 2011Environmentages of sediments, bedrock outcrops, drainage basins, river sediment, weather in namibia, western namibia

Southwestern African country is no arid desert–this year

Something’s up with the weather in Namibia, say geoscientists Kyle Nichols of Skidmore College in Saratoga Springs, N.Y., and Paul Bierman of the University of Vermont in Burlington, Vt. (more…)

USGS Releases Resource Estimate for Afghanistan Rare Earth Prospect

By Guest PostSeptember 15, 2011Economyafghanistan, geologic assessment techniques, khanneshin carbonatite, mineral resource assessment, rare earth element, resource estimate

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) estimates at least 1 million metric tonnes of rare earth element resources within the Khanneshin carbonatite in Helmand Province, Afghanistan. This estimate comes from a 2009-2011 USGS study funded by the Department of Defense’s Task Force for Business and Stability Operations (TFBSO). (more…)

When Plants Go Polyploid

By Guest PostSeptember 15, 2011Natureanimal evolution, diploid lineages, evolutionary gamble, hereditary information, plant lineages, polyploid lineages, polyploidy

Plant lineages with multiple copies of their genetic information face higher extinction rates than their relatives, researchers report in Science magazine.

While duplication of hereditary information is a relatively rare event in animal evolution, it is common in plants. Potatoes, coffee, bananas, peanuts, tobacco, wheat, oats and strawberries, to name but a few, all carry multiple copies of their genetic material, in a condition called polyploidy. (more…)

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