Tag Archives: university of exeter

Syria Policy Warning over Weapons of Mass Destruction Risk

By Guest PostDecember 26, 2012Politicsafghanistan, alternative path, andrew rathmell, anti assad coalition, bitter insurgency, catastrophic, catastrophic success, conflict, east timor, gareth stansfield, insurgent threat, intervention, Iraq, iraq veteran, jonathan githens mazer, kosovo, libya, mass destruction, middle eastern, military action, nato, northern ireland, paradox, post assad society, regime, risk, scholar, sierra leone, syria policy warning, syrian security forces, university of exeter, us disengagement, weapons, western strategic messages, worst option. sir paul newton

Policy-makers have been warned that premature military action in Syria could lead to uncontrolled access to weapons of mass destruction and a prolonged, bitter insurgency following any intervention that resulted in the sudden collapse of the Syrian security forces.

Despite the desire to prevent further bloodshed, taking direct action to try to end the conflict could be the “worst option” and could only serve to further destabilise the situation in the volatile country.

General (Retd) Professor Sir Paul Newton co-wrote the report alongside distinguished Middle Eastern scholars at the University of Exeter’s Strategy and Security Institute, of which he is Director. He said: “Although it may appear attractive in the short-term, the one scenario that must be avoided is sudden, uncontrolled state collapse. This may seem like a paradox given the pressing need to end humanitarian suffering and the risk of the conflict spreading. However, it could be catastrophic. If unmanaged disintegration of the Syrian state were to occur, access to weapons of mass destruction would be uncontrolled.” (more…)

Birdsong Bluster may Dupe Strange Females, But It Won’t Fool Partners

By Guest PostDecember 24, 2012Natureaustralia, bettencourt schueller foundation, birdsong, cheat, energy, evolution, mate, morgan david, most popular finch, patterns, sasha dall, song rate, university of exeter, unknown female, zebra finches

Male birds use their song to dupe females they have just met by pretending they are in excellent physical condition.

Just as some men try to cast themselves in a better light when they approach would-be dates, so male birds in poor condition seek to portray that they are fitter than they really are. But males do not even try to deceive their long-term partners, who are able to establish the true condition of the male by their song.

Researchers at the University of Exeter’s Cornwall Campus studied zebra finches to establish how trustworthy birdsong was in providing honest signals about the male’s value as a mate. Singing is a test of the condition of birds because it uses a lot of energy. Fit and healthy birds are thought to be able to sustain a high song rate for longer, making them more attractive to females. (more…)

Study Proves that One Extinction Leads to Another

By Guest PostAugust 15, 2012Natureafrican plains, aphids, carnivore, ecosystem, extinction, food web, frank van veen, insects, parasitic wasps, predatory fish, predatory species, ripple effect, university of exeter

When a carnivore becomes extinct, other predatory species could soon follow, according to new research.

Scientists have previously put forward this theory, but a University of Exeter team has now carried out the first experiment to prove it.

Published today (15 August 2012) in the Royal Society journal Biology Letters, the study shows how the demise of one carnivore species can indirectly cause another to become extinct. The University of Exeter team believes any extinction can create a ripple effect across a food web, with far-reaching consequences for many other animals. (more…)

Public Sightings Suggest Increase in Basking Sharks in British Waters

By Guest PostJuly 30, 2012Naturebasking sharks, brendan godley, british waters, cornwall wildlife trust, fishery, ireland, jean luc solandt, marine conservation, northeast atlantic, norway, public sightings, ruth williams, scotland, shark, uk water, university of exeter

The number of basking sharks recorded in Britain’s seas could be increasing, decades after being protected from commercial hunting in the late 20^th century.

The most comprehensive analysis ever undertaken of basking shark sightings in UK waters, by the University of Exeter, the Marine Conservation Society (MCS), Cornwall Wildlife Trust (CWT) and Wave Action, is published in the journal Marine Ecology Progress Series.

The northeast Atlantic hosted an extensive commercial fishery for basking sharks, mainly in Norway, Ireland and Scotland, where more than 81,000 were killed between 1952 and 2004, hunted largely for their liver oil. Large-scale hunting ended in the UK in the middle of the twentieth century, though it continued at low levels in Norway until 2000. (more…)

Largest Analysis of Public Opinions at Outbreak of World War I Challenges Popular Myth

By Guest PostJuly 16, 2012Politics1914, a kingdom united, august 1914, british, catriona pennell, dublin, first world war, france, Germany, irish, keith jeffery, outbreak, popular myth, public opinion, scotland, the, times higher education, trinity college, united kingdom, university of exeter, wales, war, war enthusiasm, world war

A groundbreaking book presents new evidence that challenges the way we understand British and Irish responses to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.

Almost 100 years since its outbreak, A Kingdom United presents the first ever fully-documented study of British and Irish popular reactions to the outbreak of the First World War. University of Exeter historian Dr Catriona Pennell has explored UK public opinion of the time and successfully challenges the myth of British ‘war enthusiasm’ and Irish disengagement.

Treating the UK as the state that it was in 1914 – the United Kingdom of Britain and Ireland – the research is based on a vast array of contemporary diaries, letters, journals and newspaper accounts from across the country. The book explores what people felt and how they acted in response to an unanticipated and unprecedented crisis. (more…)

Light Pollution Transforming Insect Communities

By Guest PostJune 1, 2012Environmentartificial lighting, balance, ecosystem, ecosystem services, falmouth, ground beetles, harvestmen, helston, insect communities, invertebrates, kevin murphy, light pollution, market town, scavenging species, species, street lighting, tom davies, university of exeter, urban spaces, west cornwall

Street lighting is transforming communities of insects and other invertebrates, according to research by the University of Exeter.

Published in the journal Biology Letters, the study shows for the first time that the balance of different species living together is being radically altered as a result of light pollution in our towns and cities.

Believed to be increasing by six per cent a year globally, artificial lighting is already known to affect individual organisms, but this is the first time that its impact on whole communities has been investigated.

This study shows that groups of invertebrates living near to artificial lights include more predators and scavengers. This could be impacting on the survival rates of different species, having a knock-on effect on birds and mammals that rely on these species for food. The effects could be affecting entire ecosystems and even humans. (more…)

The Heart Rules the Head When We Make Financial Decisions

By Guest PostMay 27, 2012Culture, Economybarney dunn, decision, economic perspective, economic self interest, evidence, financial offer, financial sector, gut feelings, gut reaction, heart rate, lead researcher, pension schemes, psychological test, rational thought, ultimatum game, university of exeter

Our ‘gut feelings’ influence our decisions, overriding ‘rational’ thought, when we are faced with financial offers that we deem to be unfair, according to a new study. Even when we are set to benefit, our physical response can make us more likely to reject a financial proposition we consider to be unjust.

Conducted by a team from the University of Exeter, Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit and University of Cambridge, the research is published in the journal Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioural Neuroscience.

The research adds to growing evidence that our bodies can sometimes govern how we think and feel, rather than the other way round. It also reveals that those people who are more in tune with their bodies are more likely to be led by their ‘gut feelings’. (more…)

First Satellite Tag Study for Manta Rays Reveals Habits And Hidden Journeys of Ocean Giants

By Guest PostMay 15, 2012Naturebaleen whales, brenden j godley, caribbean sharks, chinese medicinal trade, dan w castellanos, devilfish, ecological needs, fish eggs, francisco remolina, gill rakers, government of mexico, howard rosenbaum, iucn, lucy a hawkes, manta ray, matthew witt, Mexico, mysterious ocean giant, mythic fish, plankton, rachel graham, sara maxwell, satellite telemetry, satellite tracking technology, university of exeter, whale sharks, Wildlife Conservation Society, yucatan peninsula, zooplankton

Using the latest satellite tracking technology, conservationists from the Wildlife Conservation Society, the University of Exeter and the Government of Mexico have completed a ground-breaking study on a mysterious ocean giant: the manta ray.

The research team has produced the first published study on the use of satellite telemetry to track the open-ocean journeys of the world’s largest ray, which can grow up to 25 feet in width.

Researchers say the manta ray—listed as ‘Vulnerable’ by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)—has become increasingly threatened by fishing and accidental capture and now needs more protection. (more…)