Tag Archives: university of exeter

Largest Analysis of Public Opinions at Outbreak of World War I Challenges Popular Myth

By Guest PostJuly 16, 2012Politics1914, a kingdom united, august 1914, british, catriona pennell, dublin, first world war, france, Germany, irish, keith jeffery, outbreak, popular myth, public opinion, scotland, the, times higher education, trinity college, united kingdom, university of exeter, wales, war, war enthusiasm, world war

A groundbreaking book presents new evidence that challenges the way we understand British and Irish responses to the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.

Almost 100 years since its outbreak, A Kingdom United presents the first ever fully-documented study of British and Irish popular reactions to the outbreak of the First World War. University of Exeter historian Dr Catriona Pennell has explored UK public opinion of the time and successfully challenges the myth of British ‘war enthusiasm’ and Irish disengagement.

Treating the UK as the state that it was in 1914 – the United Kingdom of Britain and Ireland – the research is based on a vast array of contemporary diaries, letters, journals and newspaper accounts from across the country. The book explores what people felt and how they acted in response to an unanticipated and unprecedented crisis. (more…)

Light Pollution Transforming Insect Communities

By Guest PostJune 1, 2012Environmentartificial lighting, balance, ecosystem, ecosystem services, falmouth, ground beetles, harvestmen, helston, insect communities, invertebrates, kevin murphy, light pollution, market town, scavenging species, species, street lighting, tom davies, university of exeter, urban spaces, west cornwall

Street lighting is transforming communities of insects and other invertebrates, according to research by the University of Exeter.

Published in the journal Biology Letters, the study shows for the first time that the balance of different species living together is being radically altered as a result of light pollution in our towns and cities.

Believed to be increasing by six per cent a year globally, artificial lighting is already known to affect individual organisms, but this is the first time that its impact on whole communities has been investigated.

This study shows that groups of invertebrates living near to artificial lights include more predators and scavengers. This could be impacting on the survival rates of different species, having a knock-on effect on birds and mammals that rely on these species for food. The effects could be affecting entire ecosystems and even humans. (more…)

The Heart Rules the Head When We Make Financial Decisions

By Guest PostMay 27, 2012Culture, Economybarney dunn, decision, economic perspective, economic self interest, evidence, financial offer, financial sector, gut feelings, gut reaction, heart rate, lead researcher, pension schemes, psychological test, rational thought, ultimatum game, university of exeter

Our ‘gut feelings’ influence our decisions, overriding ‘rational’ thought, when we are faced with financial offers that we deem to be unfair, according to a new study. Even when we are set to benefit, our physical response can make us more likely to reject a financial proposition we consider to be unjust.

Conducted by a team from the University of Exeter, Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit and University of Cambridge, the research is published in the journal Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioural Neuroscience.

The research adds to growing evidence that our bodies can sometimes govern how we think and feel, rather than the other way round. It also reveals that those people who are more in tune with their bodies are more likely to be led by their ‘gut feelings’. (more…)

First Satellite Tag Study for Manta Rays Reveals Habits And Hidden Journeys of Ocean Giants

By Guest PostMay 15, 2012Naturebaleen whales, brenden j godley, caribbean sharks, chinese medicinal trade, dan w castellanos, devilfish, ecological needs, fish eggs, francisco remolina, gill rakers, government of mexico, howard rosenbaum, iucn, lucy a hawkes, manta ray, matthew witt, Mexico, mysterious ocean giant, mythic fish, plankton, rachel graham, sara maxwell, satellite telemetry, satellite tracking technology, university of exeter, whale sharks, Wildlife Conservation Society, yucatan peninsula, zooplankton

Using the latest satellite tracking technology, conservationists from the Wildlife Conservation Society, the University of Exeter and the Government of Mexico have completed a ground-breaking study on a mysterious ocean giant: the manta ray.

The research team has produced the first published study on the use of satellite telemetry to track the open-ocean journeys of the world’s largest ray, which can grow up to 25 feet in width.

Researchers say the manta ray—listed as ‘Vulnerable’ by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)—has become increasingly threatened by fishing and accidental capture and now needs more protection. (more…)

New Graphene-Based Material Could Revolutionise Electronics Industry

By Guest PostApril 27, 2012Scienceconductive material, electricity, electronic device, ferric chloride, graphene, graphexeter, indium tin oxide, ito, molecule, monica craciun, saverio russo, Technology, university of exeter

The most transparent, lightweight and flexible material ever for conducting electricity has been invented by a team from the University of Exeter.

Called GraphExeter, the material could revolutionise the creation of wearable electronic devices, such as clothing containing computers, phones and MP3 players.

GraphExeter could also be used for the creation of ‘smart’ mirrors or windows, with computerised interactive features. Since this material is also transparent over a wide light spectrum, it could enhance by more than 30% the efficiency of solar panels.

Adapted from graphene, GraphExeter is much more flexible than indium tin oxide (ITO), the main conductive material currently used in electronics. ITO is becoming increasingly expensive and is a finite resource, expected to run out in 2017. (more…)

Green-Glowing Fish Provides New Insights into Health Impacts of Pollution

By Guest PostApril 23, 2012Environmentbisphenol a, breast, change gender, charles tyler, contraceptive pharmaceutical, decrease, endocrine disrupting chemicals, environmental estrogens, ethinyloestradiol, fluorescent fish, genetic system, green fluorescent signals, humans, industrial detergents, industrial product, male fish, nonylphenol, oestrogen hormone, oestrogenic chemicals, okhyun lee, plastics, reproductive problems, river, sperm count, testicular cancer, tetsuhiro kudoh, transgenic zebrafish, ucl, university college london, university of exeter, wastewater, wildlife, zebrafish

Understanding the damage that pollution causes to both wildlife and human health is set to become much easier thanks to a new green-glowing zebrafish.

Created by a team from the University of Exeter, the fish makes it easier than ever before to see where in the body environmental chemicals act and how they affect health.

The fluorescent fish has shown that oestrogenic chemicals, which are already linked to reproductive problems, impact on more parts of the body than previously thought.

The research by the University of Exeter and UCL (University College London) is published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives. (more…)

Ice Age Mariners From Europe Were Among America’s First People

By Guest PostFebruary 29, 2012Scienceacross atlantic ice, alaska, america, asia, bering sea, Berkeley, boat, bruce bradley, cities of gold, clovis, clovis culture, dennis stanford, douglas preston, earliest humans, Europe, last ice age, native americans, new mexico, new world, North America, northern spain, orthodoxy, paradigm, sea ice shelf, smithsonian institution, solutrean people, thunderhead, united states, university california press, university of exeter

Some of the earliest humans to inhabit America came from Europe according to a new book.

Across Atlantic Ice puts forward a compelling case for people from northern Spain travelling to America by boat, following the edge of a sea ice shelf that connected Europe and America during the last Ice Age, 14,000 to 25,000 years ago.

Across Atlantic Ice is the result of more than a decade’s research by leading archaeologists Professor Bruce Bradley of the University of Exeter and Dr Dennis Stanford of the Smithsonian Institution. Through archaeological evidence, they turn the long-held theory of the origins of New World populations on its head.

For more than 400 years, it has been claimed that people first entered America from Asia, via a land bridge that spanned the Bering Sea. We now know that some people did arrive via this route nearly 15,000 years ago, probably by both land and sea. (more…)

Stock Market Stereotypes Undervalue Female Directors in The Short-Term

By Guest PostFebruary 27, 2012Economyaim, alan gregory, board appointment, female directors, ftse all share, gender differences, ian tonks, male directors, negative stereotypes, policy makers.value.representation of women, stereotypes, stock market, university of exeter

New research into how the stock market perceives the capabilities of female company directors finds that an initial negative response by investors is overturned in the longer term, once markets respond to corporate performance rather than stereotypes.

The study analysed the stock market response to male and female directors’ purchases of their own company shares, examining both the short-run and long-run stock market reaction response to directors’ trades.

Results suggest that the price reaction to male directors’ share activity is initially faster and larger than that for female directors, showing that the short-term market reaction retains a gender bias reflecting the prevalence of negative stereotypes; where the market reacts to beliefs rather than performance. (more…)