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Evolution of a Bimetallic Nanocatalyst

By Guest PostAugust 16, 2014Scienceberkeley lab, christoph heinrich, ehrlichkeit, evolution, evolution of literature, gerhard schroeder, gulf diplomats, haimei zheng, hydrogen gas, joseph dexter, nitrat im grundwasser, oxygen, platinum, poem for mother, pramit chaudhuri, quantitative criticism, reaction, umweltverband wwf

Atomic-scale snapshots of a bimetallic nanoparticle catalyst in action have provided insights that could help improve the industrial process by which fuels and chemicals are synthesized from natural gas, coal or plant biomass. A multi-national lab collaboration led by researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) has taken the most detailed look ever at the evolution of platinum/cobalt bimetallic nanoparticles during reactions in oxygen and hydrogen gases. (more…)

Researchers Describe Oxygen’s Different Shapes

By Guest PostApril 1, 2014Scienceaha moment, allan la, carbon 12, dario sanches, dean lee, evgeny epelbaum, helium 4 nuclei, hermann krebs, hour of code, north Carolina, oxygen, oxygen 16, state university, timo laehde

Oxygen-16, one of the key elements of life on earth, is produced by a series of reactions inside of red giant stars. Now a team of physicists, including one from North Carolina State University, has revealed how the element’s nuclear shape changes depending on its state, even though other attributes such as spin and parity don’t appear to differ. Their findings may shed light on how oxygen is produced.

Carbon and oxygen are formed when helium burns inside of red giant stars. Carbon-12 forms when three helium-4 nuclei combine in a very specific way (called the triple alpha process), and oxygen-16 is the combination of a carbon-12 and another helium-4 nucleus. (more…)

NASA Receives Mars 2020 Rover Instrument Proposals for Evaluation

By Guest PostJanuary 21, 2014Science2018 exomars rover, 2020, astrobiology, atmosphere, carbon dioxide, electra telecommunication radios, Environment, esa, european space agency, exploration technology, geological assessment, habitability, hazards, human explorers, humans to mars, instrument, john grunsfeld, landing site, mars, mars 2020 rover, mars in 2030s, mars rover, martian dust, michael gazarik, NASA, oxygen, President Obama, red planet, rocket fuel, space exploration, william gerstenmaier

NASA has received 58 proposals for science and exploration technology instruments to fly aboard the agency’s next Mars rover in 2020, twice the usual number submitted for instrument competitions in the recent past, and an indicator of the extraordinary interest in exploration of the Red Planet.

The agency is beginning a thorough review to determine the best combination of science and exploration technology investigations for the mission and anticipates making final selections in the next five months. (more…)

Nanoscale Coatings Improve Stability and Efficiency of Devices for Renewable Fuel Generation

By Guest PostDecember 7, 2013Environment, Scienceaaron k vannucci, acidic, ald, atomic layer deposition, berc kalanyan, carbon dioxide, carbon neutral fuels, chemical pathway, device, efficiency, Environment, gregory parsons, hydrocarbon fuel, hydrogen, klondike bar, leila alibabaei, low ph, mark losego, molecular catalysts, molecular photoelectrochemical cell, nanoscale coatings, north Carolina, oxygen, ph, renewable fuel generation, solar water splitting, stability, state university, ultra thin layer, water oxidation, water splitting devices

Splitting water into its components, two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen, is an important first step in achieving carbon-neutral fuels to power our transportation infrastructure – including automobiles and planes.

Now, North Carolina State University researchers and colleagues from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have shown that a specialized coating technique can make certain water-splitting devices more stable and more efficient. Their results are published online in two separate papers in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (more…)

Redwood trees reveal history of West Coast rain, fog, ocean conditions

By Guest PostNovember 3, 2013Environmentatmosphere, climate change, coastal redwoods, coastline, dendrochronology, earth, fog, foggy surrounding, historic fires, human caused, jim johnstone, john roden, molecules, natural variability cycles, northern california, ocean condition, oxygen, reconstructing historic climate, redwood trees, redwoods lifetime, southern oregon university, todd dawson, university of california, university of washington, west coast rain

Many people use tree ring records to see into the past. But redwoods – the iconic trees that are the world’s tallest living things – have so far proven too erratic in their growth patterns to help with reconstructing historic climate.

A University of Washington researcher has developed a way to use the trees as a window into coastal conditions, using oxygen and carbon atoms in the wood to detect fog and rainfall in previous seasons. (more…)

One Tree’s Architecture Reveals Secrets of a Forest, Study Finds

By Guest PostAugust 6, 2013Nature, Sciencebranching pattern, brian enquist, carbon dioxide, cathy hulshoff, course of evolution, ecosystem, Environment, journal ecology, leonardos rule, lisa patrick bentley, oxygen, secrets of forest, species, symmetrical y, theory, tree architecture, ua ecologists, ua ecology professor, university of arizona, university of oxford

Behind the dazzling variety of shapes and forms found in trees hides a remarkably similar architecture based on fundamental, shared principles, UA ecologists have discovered.

Researchers in the University of Arizona’s department of ecology and evolutionary biology have found that despite differences in appearance, trees across species share remarkably similar architecture and can tell scientists a lot about an entire forest.

Just by looking at a tree’s branching pattern, it turns out, scientists can gather clues about how it functions – for example how much carbon dioxide it exchanges with the atmosphere or how much water transpires through its leaves – regardless of the tree’s shape or species. (more…)

CU-Boulder team develops new water splitting technique that could produce hydrogen

By Guest PostAugust 3, 2013Sciencealan weimer, biological engineering, boulder, brian evanko, charles musgrave, christopher muhich, contraction, holy grail, hydrogen, hydrogen molecules, janna martinek, kayla weston, metal oxides, mirror system, new, oxygen, oxygen atoms, produce hydrogen, solar thermal reactor, solar thermal system, sunlight, sustainable hydrogen economy, thermal expansion, university of colorado, water splitting technique, xinhua liang

A University of Colorado Boulder team has developed a radically new technique that uses the power of sunlight to efficiently split water into its components of hydrogen and oxygen, paving the way for the broad use of hydrogen as a clean, green fuel.

The CU-Boulder team has devised a solar-thermal system in which sunlight could be concentrated by a vast array of mirrors onto a single point atop a central tower up to several hundred feet tall. The tower would gather heat generated by the mirror system to roughly 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit (1,350 Celsius), then deliver it into a reactor containing chemical compounds known as metal oxides, said CU-Boulder Professor Alan Weimer, research group leader. (more…)

Life underground

By Guest PostJune 14, 2013Environmentactive bacteria, beneath, bioinformatician, carbon, deep biosphere, ecosystem, Environment, fungi, genetic material, heavy pressure, jennifer biddle, life underground, messenger rna, metatranscriptome, microbes, microscopic organisms, million year old, mrna, nucleus containing cells, nutrient sources, ocean, ocean drilling program, oxygen, seafloor, sediment, teresa messmore, university of delaware, virginia edgcomb, volcano, whoi, william orsi

Active microbes discovered far beneath seafloor in ancient ocean sediment

Microbes are living more than 500 feet beneath the seafloor in 5 million-year-old sediment, according to new findings by researchers at the University of Delaware and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI).

Genetic material in mud from the bottom of the ocean — called the deep biosphere —revealed an ecosystem of active bacteria, fungi and other microscopic organisms at depths deeper than a skyscraper is high. The findings were published in Nature on June 12. (more…)

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