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Geologists Discover New Class of Landform on Mars

By Guest PostMarch 25, 2012Sciencebedrock, geological history, mars, martian history, martian surface, periodic bedrock ridges, spacing between ridges, wind erosion

An odd, previously unseen landform could provide a window into the geological history of Mars, according to new research by University of Washington geologists. (more…)

Picture Worth a Thousand Numbers: New Data Visualization Tool Helps Find the “Unknown Unknowns”

By Guest PostMarch 24, 2012Sciencedata analysis, data filters, data visualization tool, ordinary table formats, test matrix tool

A research team at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has developed a software tool that enables users to perform in-depth analysis of modeling and simulation data, then visualize the results onscreen. The new data analysis and visualization tool offers improved ease of use compared to similar tools, the researchers say, and could be readily adapted for use with existing data sets in a variety of disciplines. (more…)

New Understanding of Earth’s Mantle Beneath The Pacific Ocean

By Guest PostMarch 24, 2012Scienceasthenosphere, boundary, carnegie, crust, earth, evolution, factors, gutenberg discontinuity, lab, lithosphere, lithosphere asthenosphere boundary, mineral, molten rock, nick schmerr, pacific ocean basin, planet, plate tectonics

Washington, D.C. — Scientists have long speculated about why there is a large change in the strength of rocks that lie at the boundary between two layers immediately under Earth’s crust: the lithosphere and underlying asthenosphere. Understanding this boundary is central to our knowledge of plate tectonics and thus the formation and evolution of our planet as we know it today. A new technique for observing this transition, particularly in the portion of Earth’s mantle that lies beneath the Pacific Ocean basin, has led Carnegie and NASA Goddard scientist Nick Schmerr to new insight on the origins of the lithosphere and asthenosphere. His work is published March 23 in Science.

The lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, or LAB, represents the transition from hot, convecting mantle asthenosphere to overlying cold and rigid lithosphere. The oceanic lithosphere thickens as it cools over time, and eventually sinks back into the mantle at Earth’s so-called subduction zones. (more…)

Graphene and DNA

By Guest PostMarch 24, 2012Scienceatom, branislav nikolic, carbon atom, cees dekker, device concept, dna detection, dna sequencing, electron beam, electronic current, genetic sequencing, grapheme, graphite, honeycomb pattern, jene golovchenko, kamal saha, marija drndic, nanodevice, nanopores, nanoribbon, nobel prize, quantum, university of delaware, university of pennsylvania, wonder material

‘Wonder material’ may hold key to fast, inexpensive genetic sequencing

Look at the tip of that old pencil in your desk drawer, and what you’ll see are layers of graphite that are thousands of atoms thick. Use the pencil to draw a line on a piece of paper, and the mark you’ll see on the page is made up of hundreds of one-atom layers.

But when scientists found a way—using, essentially, a piece of ordinary sticky tape—to peel off a layer of graphite that was just a single atom thick, they called the two-dimensional material graphene and, in 2010, won the Nobel Prize in physics for the discovery. (more…)

‘Runner’s High’ Played a Role in Human Evolution

By Guest PostMarch 23, 2012Scienceadam foster, aerobic activity, aerobic exercise, alexandre seillier, andrea giuffrida, anthropologist, athletes, cannabis, david raichlen, dog, endocannabinoids, gregory gerdeman, human, neurotransmitters, obesity, reward centers, runner, university of texas

Aerobic exercise triggers a reward system in the body of long-distance running creatures like humans and dogs, but not ferrets, a study led by UA anthropologist David Raichlen suggests.

In the last century, something unexpected happened: Humans became sedentary. We traded in our active lifestyles for a more immobile existence.

But these were not the conditions under which we evolved – our hunter-gatherer predecessors were long-distance endurance athletes. (more…)

Helping Women Faculty Navigate ‘Career Pressure Points’

By Guest PostMarch 23, 2012Scienceethical integrity, gender matters, intellectual risk, side step mentoring, transparency in salary, woman in science

As a professor of astronomy and physics, Priyamvada Natarajan doesn’t balk at taking risks. She has modeled the upper limits of “monster” black holes and analyzed the consistency of dark matter. As a theorist, she notes, intellectual risk is par for the course. (more…)

New Technique Lets Scientists Peer Within Nanoparticles, See Atomic Structure in 3-D

By Guest PostMarch 23, 2012Scienceatomic structure, atoms in nanoparticles, gold nanoparticle, nanomaterials, nanoparticles, three dimensions

UCLA researchers are now able to peer deep within the world’s tiniest structures to create three-dimensional images of individual atoms and their positions. Their research, published March 22 in the journal Nature, presents a new method for directly measuring the atomic structure of nanomaterials. (more…)

Better Organic Electronics

By Guest PostMarch 22, 2012Science5tba, allard katan, berkeley lab, conductance, crystal structure, d5tba, derivative, dh5tba, doe, electron, electron diffraction patterns, florent martin, intuition, lynn yarris, metal, miquel salmeron, molecular foundry, molecule, nanometer, nanoscience center, organic electronic device, organic film, organic semiconductor, pentathiophene butyric acid, plastic, polymer electronics, semiconductor, shaul aloni, silicon nitride membrane, tem, trial and error, virginia altoe

*Berkeley Lab Researchers Show the Way Forward for Improving Organic and Molecular Electronic Devices*

Future prospects for superior new organic electronic devices are brighter now thanks to a new study by researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab). Working at the Lab’s Molecular Foundry, a DOE nanoscience center, the team has provided the first experimental determination of the pathways by which electrical charge is transported from molecule-to-molecule in an organic thin film. Their results also show how such organic films can be chemically modified to improve conductance.

“We have shown that when the molecules in organic thin films are aligned in particular directions, there is much better conductance,” says Miquel Salmeron, a leading authority on nanoscale surface imaging who directs Berkeley Lab’s Materials Sciences Division and who led this study. “Chemists already know how to fabricate organic thin films in a way that can achieve such an alignment, which means they should be able to use the information provided by our methodology to determine the molecular alignment and its role on charge transport across and along the molecules. This will help improve the performances of future organic electronic devices.” (more…)

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