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Vielfalt der Viren in Ozeanen dreimal höher als bislang bekannt

By Guest PostOctober 31, 2016Environmentalexander loy, dna sequenzierungsverfahren, matthew sullivan, meereswasserprobe, mikrobe, oekosystem, ozean, vielfalt der viren

Wechselwirkung von Viren und Mikroorganismen entscheidend für Ökosystem

Ein internationales ForscherInnenteam unter der Leitung von Matthew Sullivan von der Ohio State University (USA) mit Beteiligung von Alexander Loy von der Universität Wien liefert einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Katalogisierung der genetischen Vielfalt der Viren in den Weltmeeren: Insgesamt fanden die WissenschafterInnen über 15.000 verschiedene Virustypen, dreimal mehr als bisher bekannt. Da diese Viren überraschend vielfältigen Einfluss auf die Meeresmikroben nehmen, die wiederum eine wichtige Rolle für das Ökosystem Ozean spielen, haben diese Wechselwirkungen zwischen Viren und Mikroben auch Konsequenzen für das Klima. Die Studie erscheint in der aktuellen Ausgabe der renommierten Fachzeitschrift “Nature”.
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Tiniest Catch: UA Scientists’ Fishing Expedition Reveals Viral Diversity in the Sea

By Guest PostAugust 20, 2014Scienceaktivierung von foxo, ann gregory, bio5 institute, bioelectronics testing, biology, DNA, ecologist, host cells, matthew sullivan, model cells, patrick snyder, ralf baumeister, sea, sekundaertumoren, signale aus gewebe, tumorbildung, university of arizona, viral diversity, viruses, wenjing qi

Using bacteria as bait, UA scientists caught wild ocean viruses and found that the genetic lines between virus types in nature are less blurred than previously thought.

A fishing expedition of microscopic proportions led by University of Arizona ecologists revealed that the lines between virus types in nature are less blurred than previously thought. (more…)

UA Researchers Investigating How Oceans Function Without Oxygen

By Guest PostOctober 14, 2013Environment, Sciencecoast, complex ecosystem, ecology, evolutionary biology, function, infect bacteria, interface, jennifer brum, manzanillo, marine phage lab, matthew sullivan, Mexico, ocean, photosynthesis, photosynthetic cells, sarah schwenck, sequence the dna, tucson, virus, without oxygen

Studying phages, viruses that infect bacteria, can help researchers to better understand how portions of the world’s oceans function without oxygen.

Though small, viruses could hold the secrets of how vast portions of the world’s oceans function without oxygen.

University of Arizona undergraduate researcher Sarah Schwenck and postdoctoral associate Jennifer Brum are conducting a research project in the Tucson Marine Phage Lab, which is headed by assistant professor of ecology and evolutionary biology Matthew Sullivan. (more…)

The Failing Freezer: How Soil Microbes Affect Global Climate

By Guest PostOctober 10, 2013Environmentabisko national park, arctic circle, big biology problem, carbon dioxide, changsheng li, climate change, climate driven changes, ecologist, Environment, failing freezer, gene tyson, global climate, global scale, jeffrey chanton, matthew sullivan, metagenome, methane, microbial feast, microbial process, organic material, patrick crill, permafrost soil, plexiglas chamber, scott saleska, sentinel ecosystem, soil chemistry, soil microbes, steven frolking, Sweden, types of carbon, university of arizona, virginia, virginia rich

With a $3.9 million grant from the U.S. Department of Energy, a UA-led international collaboration studies how microbes release greenhouse gases as they gain access to nutrients in the soil thawing under the influence of warmer global temperatures.

The U.S. Department of Energy has awarded $3.9 million to an international collaboration led by University of Arizona ecologists Scott Saleska and Virginia Rich to study how microbes release greenhouse gases as they access nutrients in thawing permafrost soils under the influence of a warmer climate. (more…)

Newly Discovered Marine Viruses Offer Glimpse Into Untapped Biodiversity

By Guest PostJuly 27, 2013Sciencebacteriophages, bacteroidetes phages, baltic sea, biodiversity, carbon dioxide, cellulophaga, cosmic analogy, environmental viruses, firmicutes, global cycles, global food webs, karin holmfeldt, marine viruses, matthew sullivan, microorganisms, oak ridge, phyla of bacteria, phylum, prey on bacteria, studying bacteria, universe, university of arizona

Studying bacteria from the Baltic Sea, UA researchers have discovered an entire array of previously unknown viruses that barely resemble any of the known bacteria-infecting viruses.

Researchers of the University of Arizona’s Tucson Marine Phage Lab have discovered a dozen new types of unknown viruses that infect different strains of marine bacteria. (more…)

UA Scientists Help Discover Most Abundant Ocean Virus

By Guest PostFebruary 14, 2013Scienceabundant ocean virus, biogeochemical cycle, bonnie hurwitz, carbon, carbon cycle, carbon dioxide, cellular biology, DNA, global cycle, human genome researcher, j craig venter, marine, marine bacterium sar11, matthew sullivan, methods, molecular, most abundant organism, old fashioned research, oregon state university, oxygen, pelagiphages, phage research lab, planet, sar11 bacteria, stephen giovannoni, tucson, university of arizona, viral diversity, viral infection

Researchers have discovered four previously unknown viruses that infect the Earth’s most abundant organism, the marine bacterium SAR11. Because of their huge numbers, these tiny players have critical roles in the global cycle of carbon and other nutrients.

The greatest battle in Earth’s history has been going on for hundreds of millions of years, isn’t over yet, and until now no one knew it existed, scientists reported today in the journal Nature.

In one corner is the Earth’s most abundant organism: SAR11, an ocean-living bacterium that survives where most other cells would die and plays a major role in the planet’s carbon cycle. It had been theorized that SAR11 was so small and widespread that it must be invulnerable to attack. (more…)

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