Tag Archives: el niño

Neue Vorhersage-Methode: Extreme Fluten in den Anden

Fluten nach extremen Regenfällen in den Anden können durch eine neue Methode jetzt besser vorhergesagt werden. In den letzten Jahrzehnten sind diese Ereignisse durch den Klimawandel stärker und häufiger geworden. Die Untersuchung komplexer Netzwerke in Satelliten-Wetterdaten ermöglicht nun erstmals den Aufbau eines robusten Warnsystems, wie eine im Fachjournal Nature Communications veröffentlichte Studie jetzt zeigt. Das könnte zu einem verbesserten Katastrophenschutz beitragen. Da die Methode auf mathematischen Vergleichen aufbaut und für jegliche Zeitreihen eingesetzt werden kann, ließe sich dieser Ansatz auch auf andere Extremereignisse in komplexen Systemen anwenden. (more…)

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Klimarekonstruktion im Regenwald: Pflanzenwachse geben Einblick in die letzten 24.000 Jahre

Rund um den Indischen Ozean verteilen sich die Niederschläge extrem unterschiedlich: Wenn es im Regenwald auf Sumatra besonders stark regnet, müssen Mensch und Tier im ohnehin trockenen Ostafrika mit Dürre rechnen. Dieses zyklisch auftretende, Klimaphänomen existiert schon seit 10.000 Jahren, schreibt ein Team des Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrums (BiK-F), California Institute of Technology, University of Southern California und der Universität Bremen heute im Fachjournal „Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences“. Die Pilotstudie erlaubt Einblicke in das Klimasystem einer Region, deren Niederschlagsmuster einen großen Einfluss auf das Weltklima haben und deshalb besonders im Fokus von Klimaforschern stehen.

Die Tropen spielen eine entscheidende Rolle im globalen Klimageschehen, hier entstehen z. B. Klimaphänomene wie der Monsun und El Niño. Eine der klimatisch bedeutendsten Regionen ist der Indopazifik in Südostasien. Einerseits verdunsten hier große Wassermassen und gehen so in die globale Atmosphärenzirkulation ein; andererseits fallen in dieser Region weltweit die höchsten Regenmengen. Um die Muster und Dynamiken dieser Niederschläge besser zu verstehen, hat ein Forscherteam jetzt rekonstruiert, wann und wie viel es vor Indonesien in den letzten 24.000 Jahren geregnet hat. (more…)

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El Niño tied to melting of Antarctica’s Pine Island Glacier

Pine Island Glacier is one of the biggest routes for ice to flow from Antarctica into the sea. The floating ice shelf at the glacier’s tip has been melting and thinning for the past four decades, causing the glacier to speed up and discharge more ice.

Understanding this ice shelf is a key for predicting sea-level rise in a warming world. A paper published Jan. 2 in the advance online version of the journal Science shows that the ice shelf melting depends on the local wind direction, which is tied to tropical changes associated with El Niño. (more…)

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If a tree falls in Brazil…? Amazon deforestation could mean droughts for western U.S.

In research meant to highlight how the destruction of the Amazon rainforest could affect climate elsewhere, Princeton University-led researchers report that the total deforestation of the Amazon may significantly reduce rain and snowfall in the western United States, resulting in water and food shortages, and a greater risk of forest fires.

The researchers report in the Journal of Climate that an Amazon stripped bare could mean 20 percent less rain for the coastal Northwest and a 50 percent reduction in the Sierra Nevada snowpack, a crucial source of water for cities and farms in California. Previous research has shown that deforestation will likely produce dry air over the Amazon. Using high-resolution climate simulations, the researchers are the first to find that the atmosphere’s normal weather-moving mechanics would create a ripple effect that would move that dry air directly over the western United States from December to February. (more…)

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Watching Earth’s Winds, On a Shoestring

Built with spare parts and without a moment to spare, the International Space Station (ISS)-RapidScat isn’t your average NASA Earth science mission.

Short for Rapid Scatterometer, ISS-RapidScat will monitor ocean winds from the vantage point of the space station . It will join a handful of other satellite scatterometer missions that make essential measurements used to support weather and marine forecasting, including the tracking of storms and hurricanes. It will also help improve our understanding of how interactions between Earth’s ocean and atmosphere influence our climate. (more…)

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How red crabs on Christmas Island speak for the tropics

Each year, the land-dwelling Christmas Island red crab takes an arduous and shockingly precise journey from its earthen burrow to the shores of the Indian Ocean where weeks of mating and egg laying await.

Native to the Australian territories of Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, millions of the crabs start rolling across the island roads and landscape in crimson waves when the November rains begin. After a two-week scuttle to the sea, the male crab sets up and defends a mating burrow for himself and a female of his kind, the place where she will incubate their clutch for another two weeks. Before the morning of the high tide that precedes the December new moon, the females must emerge to release their millions of eggs into the ocean. A month later, the next generation of crabs comes ashore. (more…)

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2013 Summer Could be Similar to Last Summer, MU Researcher Says

Farmers should prepare for possible drought conditions through July

COLUMBIA, Mo. – Last summer, the Midwest experienced one of the hottest and driest summers on record. While a few rain showers have occurred across the Midwest the past few weeks, it appears that the region is in for another dry summer. A University of Missouri researcher says that an opposing weather pattern could bring more favorable weather conditions to the Midwest, but won’t be here until after this summer. (more…)

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Pacific Locked in ‘La Nada’ Limbo

Sea-surface height data from NASA’s Jason-2 satellite show that the equatorial Pacific Ocean is still locked in what some call a neutral, or ‘La Nada’ state. This condition follows two years of strong, cool-water La Nina events.

A new image, based on the average of 10 days of data centered on Jan. 26, 2013, shows near-normal conditions (depicted in green) across the equatorial Pacific. The image is available at: https://sealevel.jpl.nasa.gov/images/latestdata/jason/2013/20130126P.jpg . (more…)

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