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Prey-tell: Why Right Whales Linger in the Gulf of Maine

By Guest PostApril 27, 2011Nature, Sciencealgae eating copepod, baleen whales, behavior of the whales, calanus finmarchicus, dramatic impact, endangered animals, gulf of maine, mark baumgartner, nantucket, north atlantic, sand lance, sei whales, vertical migration, vertical migration behavior, whale population, whales, whoi, woods hole oceanographic institution

As they might with most endangered animals, scientists consider the whereabouts and activities of right whales extremely important. “It is helpful to know where they go, why they go there and what they do when they’re there,” says Mark F. Baumgartner of the biology department at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI).

Baumgartner and his colleagues studied the behavior of right whales and sei whales—both endangered species of baleen whales—in the waters of the Gulf of Maine to the east of Nantucket. They found that the location, the length of stay, and perhaps the very abundance of the whales may be dependent on an interesting vertical migration pattern by the copepods on which the whales feed. It seems to be a case, he said, of “how the behavior of the prey influences the behavior of the whales.” (more…)

Bringing more Power to African Farmers Through Simple Technology

By Guest PostApril 27, 2011Sciencebiomechanical engineering, commercialization aspect, convert energy, cylindrical device, existing infrastructure, inaugural course, john morrell, political and socioeconomic, producing energy, productivity and earnings, sub-saharan africa, suzanne taylor muzzin, yale university

In a room in the basement of Hillhouse Avenue, 18 Yale students have spent the past 12 weeks transforming gears, wing nuts and sprockets into energy solutions for farmers working thousands of miles away in sub-Saharan Africa.

The class, called “Appropriate Technology for the Developing World,” was inspired by a trip that faculty member John Morrell took to Africa in 2009 with an international team of scientists, after learning that African farmers often earn just $1 to $2 a day. (more…)

Anti-Helium Discovered in the Heart of STAR

By Guest PostApril 26, 2011Scienceaccelerator technology, alpha magnetic spectrometer, ams, anti heavy hydrogen, anti hypertriton, antialpha, antideuteron, antielectron, antihelium 4, antinucleons, antiparticles, antiproton, baryon, baryon number, berkeley lab, carl anderson, CERN, collisions of energetic gold nuclei, ernest rutherford, experiment, hans georg ritter, heaviest antiparticle, nu xu, nucleus, nucleus of antihelium 4, nucleus of antihydrogen, particle, positron, relativistic heavy ion collider, rhic, star, star experiment

*Berkeley Lab nuclear scientists join with their international colleagues in the latest record-breaking discovery at RHIC*

Eighteen examples of the heaviest antiparticle ever found, the nucleus of antihelium-4, have been made in the STAR experiment at RHIC, the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Brookhaven National Laboratory.

“The STAR experiment is uniquely capable of finding antihelium‑4,” says the STAR experiment’s spokesperson, Nu Xu, of the Nuclear Science Division (NSD) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab). “STAR already holds the record for massive antiparticles, last year having identified the anti-hypertriton, which contains three constituent antiparticles. With four antinucleons, antihelium-4 is produced at a rate a thousand times lower yet. To identify the 18 examples required sifting through the debris of a billion gold-gold collisions.” (more…)

Multitasking Challenge: Radar Analysis of Walking Patterns Shows Promise for Detecting Concussions in Athletes and Soldiers

By Guest PostApril 25, 2011Sciencegait patterns, motor skill tasks, multitasking challenge, signs of concussion, traumatic brain injuries, walking patterns

Walking and thinking at the same time can be especially difficult for persons who’ve suffered concussions, and scientists hope to use that multitasking challenge — measured by a simple radar system — to quickly screen individuals who may have suffered brain injuries. (more…)

Researchers Inject Nanofiber Spheres Carrying Cells into Wounds to Grow Tissue

By Guest PostApril 25, 2011Health, Sciencebiodegradable nanofibers, biodegradable polymers, cell carrier, cell matrix, cells, donor tissue, nanofiber spheres, natural environment, peter ma, university of michigan, wounds

ANN ARBOR, Mich.— For the first time, scientists have made star-shaped, biodegradable polymers that can self-assemble into hollow, nanofiber spheres, and when the spheres are injected with cells into wounds, these spheres biodegrade, but the cells live on to form new tissue.

Developing this nanofiber sphere as a cell carrier that simulates the natural growing environment of the cell is a very significant advance in tissue repair, says Peter Ma, professor at the University of Michigan School of Dentistry and lead author of a paper about the research scheduled for advanced online publication in Nature Materials. Co-authors are Xiaohua Liu and Xiaobing Jin. (more…)

Mutated Gene Found in Dog Disease the Same in Humans, MU Researchers Find

By Guest PostApril 24, 2011Scienceanimal, cell function, columbia, dennis o’brien, dna test, fabiana farias, gary johnson, gene mutation, human neurological disorder, lynn steinhaus, man, martin katz, ncl, neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, parkinson disease, seizures, tibetan terrier dogs, university of missouri

*Tibetian Terrier dogs could play key role in developing therapy for early-onset Parkinson’s*

COLUMBIA, Mo. – University of Missouri researchers believe both man and animal will benefit from their discovery that the same gene mutation found in Tibetan Terrier dogs can also be found in a fatal human neurological disorder related to Parkinson’s disease.

Fabiana Farias, a doctoral candidate in Area Genetics at the University of Missouri, found the mutation as part of her thesis research. Gary Johnson, associate professor of Veterinary Pathobiology; Martin Katz, professor of Veterinary Pathobiology, and Dennis O’Brien, a professor in the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, along with a host of researchers from MU’s College of Veterinary Medicine; College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources (CAFNR) and the Mason Eye Institute, recently published the findings in Neurobiology of Disease. (more…)

How Beliefs Shape Effort and Learning

By Guest PostApril 24, 2011Sciencebagasi, bridgid finn, columbia university, daniel c. molden, david b. miele, entity theorists, incremental theorists, indonesian, intelligence, learning, level of intelligence, luggage, motivation to learn, pembalut bandage, police, polisi, theories

If it was easy to learn, it will be easy to remember. Psychological scientists have maintained that nearly everyone uses this simple rule to assess their own learning.

Now a study published in an upcoming issue Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science, suggests otherwise: “Individuals with different theories about the nature of intelligence tend to evaluate their learning in different ways,” says David B. Miele of Columbia University, who conducted the study with Bridgid Finn of Washington University in St. Louis and Daniel C. Molden of Northwestern University. (more…)

NASA Orbiter Reveals Big Changes in Mars’ Atmosphere

By Guest PostApril 22, 2011Scienceatmosphere, dry ice, frozen carbon dioxide, greenhouse effect, lake superior, liquid water, mars, mars reconnaissance orbiter, martian carbon dioxide, martian dust storms, martian surface, NASA, red planet, roberto seu, roger phillips, south pole

PASADENA, Calif. — NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has discovered the total amount of atmosphere on Mars changes dramatically as the tilt of the planet’s axis varies. This process can affect the stability of liquid water, if it exists on the Martian surface, and increase the frequency and severity of Martian dust storms.

Researchers using the orbiter’s ground-penetrating radar identified a large, buried deposit of frozen carbon dioxide, or dry ice, at the Red Planet’s south pole. The scientists suspect that much of this carbon dioxide enters the planet’s atmosphere and swells the atmosphere’s mass when Mars’ tilt increases. The findings are published in this week’s issue of the journal Science. (more…)

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