Science – Page 193 – Shamskm: A site to exchange knowledge and solutions

Researchers Develop System for Assessing How Effective Species Are at Pollinating Crops

By Guest PostDecember 25, 2013Scienceblueberry growers, david tarpy, efficiency rates, entomology, hannah burrack, north Carolina, pollination by bees, pollination efficiency, pollinator species, pumpkins, specific metrics, state university, tomatoes

From tomatoes to pumpkins, most fruit and vegetable crops rely on pollination by bees and other insect species – and the future of many of those species is uncertain. Now researchers from North Carolina State University are proposing a set of guidelines for assessing the performance of pollinator species in order to determine which species are most important and should be prioritized for protection.

“Widespread concerns over the fate of honey bees and other pollinators have led to increased efforts to understand which species are the most effective pollinators, since this has huge ramifications for the agriculture industry,” says Dr. Hannah Burrack, an associate professor of entomology at NC State and co-author of a paper on the new guidelines and related research. “However, various research efforts have taken a wide variety of approaches, making it difficult to compare results in a meaningful way. (more…)

Walking the Walk: What Sharks, Honeybees and Humans Have in Common

By Guest PostDecember 25, 2013Nature, Scienceadam gordon, brian wood, common, david raichlen, east africa, evolutionary history, fundamental pattern, gps data, hadza people, hadza tribe, herman pontzer, honeybees, human movement patterns, humans, hunter college, hunters in africa, levy walk, levy walk pattern, mathematical pattern, new york, sharks, state university, Tanzania, ua anthropologist, university at albany, urban areas, walking the walk

A research team led by UA anthropologist David Raichlen has found that the Hadza tribe’s movements while foraging can be described by a mathematical pattern called a Lévy walk – a pattern that also is found in the movements of many other animals.

A mathematical pattern of movement called a Lévy walk describes the foraging behavior of animals from sharks to honey bees, and now for the first time has been shown to describe human hunter-gatherer movement as well. The study, led by University of Arizona anthropologist David Raichlen, was published on December 23, 2013 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

The Lévy walk pattern appears to be ubiquitous in animals, similar to the golden ratio, phi, a mathematical ratio that has been found to describe proportions in plants and animals throughout nature. (more…)

The future of research universities

By Guest PostDecember 24, 2013Education, Science21st century, maryland, merit based system, moocs, patrick harker, problem based learning, research universities, time to innovation, united states, university of delaware, university system, usm, william kirwan

Maryland chancellor shares ideas to enhance effectiveness of America’s research universities

For research universities to produce the ideas and talent the United States needs in order to lead in the 21st century, they “must make a steady and persistent movement to adapt to the times,” according to William (Brit) Kirwan, chancellor of the University System of Maryland (USM).

Kirwan spoke on the future of research universities on Wednesday, Dec. 11, at the University of Delaware. The talk, presented to a group of UD faculty and administrators, was designed to help set the scene and percolate new ideas as UD considers the next phase of its Path to Prominencestrategic plan, a process that will begin in the new year. (more…)

Searching for Cosmic Accelerators via IceCube

By Guest PostDecember 22, 2013Scienceastrophysical neutrinos, cosmic accelerators, extraterrestrial neutrinos, galactic nuclei, high energy neutrinos, icecube detector

Berkeley Lab Researchers Part of an International Hunt

In our universe there are particle accelerators 40 million times more powerful than the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Scientists don’t know what these cosmic accelerators are or where they are located, but new results being reported from “IceCube,” the neutrino observatory buried at the South Pole, may show the way. These new results should also erase any doubts as to IceCube’s ability to deliver on its promise. (more…)

Physicists explore fundamental laws of biological materials

By Guest PostDecember 21, 2013Sciencebiological materials, cellular materials, equilibrium material, fundamental laws

Physicists at the University of Chicago and the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, are uncovering the fundamental physical laws that govern the behavior of cellular materials. (more…)

Zebrafish help decode link between calcium deficiency and colon cancer

By Guest PostDecember 21, 2013Health, Sciencebetween, calcium deficiency, calcium depleted, calcium regulation mechanism, calcium transporter, colon cancer, colon cancer cells, cunming duan, decode, epithelial cell, growth factor, human, link, lisa hebda, low calcium environments, new mechanism, pathway, trpv5, university of michigan, water calcium level, xueping zhong, yan bai, zebrafish, zebrafish embryo skin

ANN ARBOR — A tiny, transparent fish embryo and a string of surprises led scientists to a deeper understanding of the perplexing link between low calcium and colon cancer.

By studying zebrafish embryo skin, University of Michigan researchers decoded cell messages underlying abnormal colonic cell growth of the kind that can lead to tumors and colon cancer in calcium deficient individuals. They have also tested this new mechanism in human colon cancer cells. (more…)

Bats: Virtually a model of flight

By Guest PostDecember 20, 2013Nature, Science3d glasses, 3d visualization, bat, bats in flight, body oriented navigation, cave, cave painting, connor gramazio, david laidlaw, design for science, Environment, kind of visualization, long nosed bats, mexican, motion tracking technology, risd, sharon swartz, timothy parsons, virtual reality, virtual reality environment

“Virtual Reality Design for Science” is a co-listed class at Brown and RISD that unites artists, designers, computer scientists, and experts in scientific visualization. The goal: to create tools for immersive interaction with scientific data. Test case for the course: the flight mechanics of bats.

PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — If you want to get a good look at a bat, a cave is a pretty good place to go. But on a Thursday in mid-December at Brown’s Granoff Center, there were virtual bats flapping about in a cave of a different sort. (more…)

Fatty Acids Crucial to Embryonic Development

By Guest PostDecember 20, 2013Scienceacs, acsl4, acyl coa synthetases, bmp signaling pathway, different tissue types, early embryo, embryo implantation, embryonic development, enzyme, fatty acids, fruit fly, Germany, metabolism, polyunsaturated fatty acid, rosa miyares, steven farber, university of cologne, uterus development

Baltimore, MD— One classical question in developmental biology is how different tissue types arise in the correct position of the developing embryo. While one signaling pathway that controls this process has been well described, unexpected findings from a team led by Carnegie’s Steven Farber reveal the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in this process. It is published online December 12 in Developmental Cell.

Fatty acids serve as sources of energy, the building materials of cellular membranes, and as signals for sending messages between cells. Enzymes are needed to activate free fatty acids so that they are useful for cellular processes. The enzymes that perform this function are called acyl-CoA synthetases, often shortened to ACS. (more…)

Category Archives: Science