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A Metallic Alloy That is Tough and Ductile at Cryogenic Temperatures

By Guest PostNovember 16, 2014Scienceantony rosen, berkeley lab, copper, cryogenic temperatures, discovery of wonder, dwight raum, face of disease, jose dinneny, manuel guedel, plant root, regenbogen, robert ritchie, roland ottensamer, second dimension, theresa lueftinger, wonder at scale

Researchers at Berkeley and Oak Ridge Labs Test a Multi-element High-Entropy Alloy with

A new concept in metallic alloy design – called “high‐entropy alloys” – has yielded a multiple-element material that not only tests out as one of the toughest on record, but, unlike most materials, the toughness as well as the strength and ductility of this alloy actually improves at cryogenic temperatures. This multi-element alloy was synthesized and tested through a collaboration of researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s Lawrence Berkeley and Oak Ridge National Laboratories (Berkeley Lab and ORNL). (more…)

Wie man Atome bündelt

By Guest PostNovember 16, 2014Scienceashish kapoor, atome, biophysikalische chemie, coenzym nad, energie, julie irwin, kristine ehrich, max planck institut, mpi, rebecca reczek, sanionia uncinata, ursprung von planetenatmosphaeren, walk upright

Wenn Wissenschaftler chemische Reaktionen untersuchen, ist die Verbesserung der zeitlichen Auflösung eine ständige Herausforderung. Besonders Reaktionen, die sich nicht durch Licht auslösen lassen, sind auf kurzen Zeitskalen schwierig zu verfolgen. Ein Team von Forschern um Alec Wodtke am Max-Planck-Institut (MPI) für biophysikalische Chemie und an der Universität Göttingen hat jetzt ultrakurze Pulse von Atomen erzeugt. Die sogenannte bunch-compression-photolysis-Methode könnte helfen, zeitlich hochaufgelöste Experimente durchzuführen, bei denen atomare Kollisionen den Anfang bilden. (Nature Communications, 5. November 2014) (more…)

Why ‘I’m so happy I could cry’ makes sense

By Guest PostNovember 16, 2014Health, Sciencearvind murugan, geschaedigte nervenzellen, happy, matthew pinson, menachem stern, michela deleidi, ways to fold, yale psychologist

The phrase “tears of joy” never made much sense to Yale psychologist Oriana Aragon. But after conducting a series of studies of such seemingly incongruous expressions, she now understands better why people cry when they are happy.

“People may be restoring emotional equilibrium with these expressions,” said Aragon, lead author of work to be published in the journal Psychological Science. “They seem to take place when people are overwhelmed with strong positive emotions, and people who do this seem to recover better from those strong emotions.” (more…)

Sexualized Body Image Has Negative Effect on Young Adolescent Girls

By Guest PostNovember 15, 2014Scienceaustin, demokratie, ivan martin, knochenmark, maria bertel, negative effect, safety in texas, university of texas, vfgh, vfgh erkenntnisse, wesen der demokratie

AUSTIN, Texas — Middle-school girls who value sex appeal differ from their peers in troubling ways, according to new research from The University of Texas at Austin. (more…)

Ancient shellfish remains rewrite 10,000-year history of El Niño cycles

By Guest PostNovember 14, 2014Scienceamerican literary history, earth, elena schroeter, history, miner locations, mining sensor network, mollusk shells, native american linguistic, new antibiotic chemotypes, peru, sarah rivett, sophie gee, tartup guia, the global enlightenment, tropical pacific ocean, university of washington, unscripted america

The planet’s largest and most powerful driver of climate changes from one year to the next, the El Niño Southern Oscillation in the tropical Pacific Ocean, was widely thought to have been weaker in ancient times because of a different configuration of the Earth’s orbit. But scientists analyzing 25-foot piles of ancient shells have found that the El Niños 10,000 years ago were as strong and frequent as the ones we experience today. (more…)

In one of nature’s innovations, a single cell smashes and rebuilds its own genome

By Guest PostNovember 14, 2014Sciencechromosome reconstruction, germ line nucleus, second nucleus, single cell, unicellular

Life can be so intricate and novel that even a single cell can pack a few surprises, according to a study led by Princeton University researchers

The pond-dwelling, single-celled organism Oxytricha trifallax has the remarkable ability to break its own DNA into nearly a quarter-million pieces and rapidly reassemble those pieces when it’s time to mate, the researchers report in the journal Cell. The organism internally stores its genome as thousands of scrambled, encrypted gene pieces. Upon mating with another of its kind, the organism rummages through these jumbled genes and DNA segments to piece together more than 225,000 tiny strands of DNA. This all happens in about 60 hours. (more…)

Reise durch Resonanz

By Guest PostNovember 12, 2014Science1963, das konzept, evolution von schneidegebissen, first female cosmonaut, jonathan donges, juergen kurths, klimaziele, oekonomische optimierung, pariser abkommen, spaceship, wolfram barfuss

Wissenschaftler finden Erklärung, wie Nervenzellen über große Entfernung miteinander kommunizieren

Seit Jahrzehnten rätselt die Wissenschaft, wie Nervenzellen im Gehirn über weite Distanzen miteinander kommunizieren. Denn so, wie Netzwerke von Nervenzellen verschaltet sind und einzelne Zellen auf Impulse reagieren, ist es eigentlich unmöglich. Wissenschaftler aus Deutschland und Frankreich geben nun eine mögliche Antwort, wie das Gehirn trotzdem funktionieren kann: indem es die Kraft der Resonanz ausnutzt. Die Neurowissenschaftler Gerald Hahn, Alejandro F. Bujan und ihre Kollegen beschreiben in der Fachzeitschrift „PLoS Computational Biology“, dass Resonanz die Schwingungen in der Aktivität der Nervenzellen so verstärken kann, dass sich die Signale weiter ausbreiten. Die Teams vom Exzellenzcluster BrainLinks-BrainTools und dem Bernstein Center der Universität Freiburg sowie der Abteilung UNIC des französischen Centre national de la recherche scientifique in Gif-sur-Yvette simulierten im Computer mehrere Netzwerke von Nervenzellen und untersuchten, wie sie Signale weiterleiten. (more…)

Galactic Wheel of Life Shines in Infrared

By Guest PostNovember 12, 2014Scienceandrea knue, ashley headair, atlas kollaboration, civilian applications, effective contraceptive methods, elementarteilchenphysik, evolution, galactic, gas mask filters, gregor herten, hendrik bluhm, higgs mechanismus, karl jakobs, lena trotochaud, milky way galaxy, million light years, NASA, theory of leadership, xena

It might look like a spoked wheel or even a “Chakram” weapon wielded by warriors like “Xena,” from the fictional TV show, but this ringed galaxy is actually a vast place of stellar life. A newly released image from NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope shows the galaxy NGC 1291. Though the galaxy is quite old, roughly 12 billion years, it is marked by an unusual ring where newborn stars are igniting. (more…)

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