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Scientists Prepare to Take First-Ever Picture of a Black Hole

By Guest PostJanuary 16, 2012Scienceabyss of space, albert einstein, alma, arizona, astrophysicists, atacama large millimeter array, atmosphere, black hole, black void, center of milky way, Chile, cosmic traffic jam, dan marrone, daniel stolte, dimitrios psaltis, earth, einstein, event horizon, event horizon telescope, extreme environment, field of gravity, game changer, general relativity, global array, hawaii, haystack observatory, maelstroms, mass, massachusetts institute of technology, mauna kea, mercury, Mexico, MIT, mt graham, nothingness, optical telescopes, plasma, radio telescopes, radio waves, shadow, sheperd doeleman, south pole, space and time, steward observatory, sun, supermassive black hole, theory of general relativity, tucson, ultra precise timing, universe, university of arizona, virtual telescope, water vapor, wavelengths

*The Event Horizon Telescope is an Earth-sized virtual telescope powerful enough to see all the way to the center of our Milky Way, where a supermassive black hole will allow astrophysicists to put Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity to the test.*

Astronomers, physicists and scientists from related fields across the world will convene in Tucson, Ariz. on Jan. 18 to discuss an endeavor that only a few years ago would have been regarded as nothing less than outrageous.

The conference is organized by Dimitrios Psaltis, an associate professor of astrophysics at the University of Arizona’s Steward Observatory, and Dan Marrone, an assistant professor of astronomy at Steward Observatory. (more…)

Star Explosion Leaves Behind a Rose

By Guest PostDecember 11, 2011Scienceancient supernova, bright star, cosmic cannonball, dense object, dust, earth, explosion, gas clouds, massive star, modern astronomers, NASA, neutron star, puppis a, red rose, shock waves, Space, supernova, universe, vela supernova, wide field infrared survey explorer, wise

About 3,700 years ago, people on Earth would have seen a brand-new bright star in the sky. It slowly dimmed out of sight and was eventually forgotten, until modern astronomers later found its remains, called Puppis A. In this new image from NASA’s Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), Puppis A looks less like the remains of a supernova explosion and more like a red rose.

Puppis A (pronounced PUP-pis) was formed when a massive star ended its life in a supernova, the most brilliant and powerful form of an explosion in the known universe. The expanding shock waves from that explosion are heating up the dust and gas clouds surrounding the supernova, causing them to glow and appear red in this infrared view. While much of the material from that original star was violently thrown out into space, some of it remained in an incredibly dense object called a neutron star. This particular neutron star (too faint to be seen in this image) is moving inexplicably fast: over 3 million miles per hour! Astronomers are perplexed over its absurd speed, and have nicknamed the object the “Cosmic Cannonball.” (more…)

NASA’s Kepler Confirms Its First Planet in Habitable Zone

By Guest PostDecember 6, 2011Scienceames, constellations, cygnus, douglas hudgins, g type, ground based telescopes, habitable zone, jupiter, kepler, kepler 22b, liquid water, lyra, mars, milestone, NASA, natalie batalha, orbital periods, planet, spitzer space telescope, super earth size, universe, university of colorado in boulder, venus, william borucki

PASADENA, Calif. — NASA’s Kepler mission has confirmed its first planet in the “habitable zone,” the region around a star where liquid water could exist on a planet’s surface. Kepler also has discovered more than 1,000 new planet candidates, nearly doubling its previously known count. Ten of these candidates are near-Earth-size and orbit in the habitable zone of their host star. Candidates require follow-up observations to verify they are actual planets.

The newly confirmed planet, Kepler-22b, is the smallest yet found to orbit in the middle of the habitable zone of a star similar to our sun. The planet is about 2.4 times the radius of Earth. Scientists don’t yet know if Kepler-22b has a predominantly rocky, gaseous or liquid composition, but its discovery is a step closer to finding Earth-like planets. (more…)

Herschel Finds Oceans of Water in Disk of Nearby Star

By Guest PostOctober 22, 2011Scienceastronomers, cold water vapor, constellation hydra, european space agency, herschel space observatory, heterodyne instrument for the far-infrared, hifi, icy comets, jet propulsion laboratory, leiden observatory, michiel hogerheijde, NASA, paul goldsmith, planets like earth, the netherlands, tw hydrae, universe, waterlogged disk, young star

PASADENA, Calif. — Using data from the Herschel Space Observatory, astronomers have detected for the first time cold water vapor enveloping a dusty disk around a young star. The findings suggest that this disk, which is poised to develop into a solar system, contains great quantities of water, suggesting that water-covered planets like Earth may be common in the universe. Herschel is a European Space Agency mission with important NASA contributions.

Scientists previously found warm water vapor in planet-forming disks close to a central star. Evidence for vast quantities of water extending out into the cooler, far reaches of disks where comets take shape had not been seen until now. The more water available in disks for icy comets to form, the greater the chances that large amounts eventually will reach new planets through impacts. (more…)

First Observational Test of the ‘Multiverse’

By Guest PostAugust 5, 2011Sciencealternative universes, big bang, bubble, bubble universes, cmb, cmb radiation, cmb sky, cosmic microwave background radiation, daniel mortlock, european space agency, hiranya peiris, modern theories of fundamental physics, multiverse, NASA, physicists, planck satellite, powerful computer algorithm, signs of bubble universe collisions, sky, stephen feeney, theory, ucl, universe, university college london, wilkinson microwave anisotropy probe, wmap

The theory that our universe is contained inside a bubble, and that multiple alternative universes exist inside their own bubbles – making up the ‘multiverse’ – is, for the first time, being tested by physicists.

Two research papers published in Physical Review Letters and Physical Review D are the first to detail how to search for signatures of other universes. Physicists are now searching for disk-like patterns in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation – relic heat radiation left over from the Big Bang – which could provide tell-tale evidence of collisions between other universes and our own. (more…)

The Universe may have been Born Spinning, according to New Findings on the Symmetry of the Cosmos

By Guest PostJuly 10, 2011Sciencespiral galaxies, symmetric universe, symmetry of cosmos, universe

ANN ARBOR, Mich.—Physicists and astronomers have long believed that the universe has mirror symmetry, like a basketball. But recent findings from the University of Michigan suggest that the shape of the Big Bang might be more complicated than previously thought, and that the early universe spun on an axis. (more…)

When Matter Melts

By Guest PostJune 27, 2011Scienceantiproton collisions, balance of matter and antimatter, bedangadas mohanty, berkeley lab, CERN, color force, critical point, distribution of ordinary matter, elemental constituents of matter, geneva, gluons, hadronic matter, hans georg ritter, heavy ions, India, kolkata, Large Hadron Collider, lattice theory, massive gold nuclei, neutrons, nu xu, phase diagrams, protons, qcd, quantum chromodynamics, quark gluon plasma, relativistic heavy ion collider, rhic, sourendu gupta, tata institute of fundamental research, universe, variable energy cyclotron centre, xiaofeng luo

*By comparing theory with data from STAR, Berkeley Lab scientists and their colleagues map phase changes in the quark-gluon plasma*

In its infancy, when the universe was a few millionths of a second old, the elemental constituents of matter moved freely in a hot, dense soup of quarks and gluons. As the universe expanded, this quark–gluon plasma quickly cooled, and protons and neutrons and other forms of normal matter “froze out”: the quarks became bound together by the exchange of gluons, the carriers of the color force.

“The theory that describes the color force is called quantum chromodynamics, or QCD,” says Nu Xu of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), the spokesperson for the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at DOE’s Brookhaven National Laboratory. “QCD has been extremely successful at explaining interactions of quarks and gluons at short distances, such as high-energy proton and antiproton collisions at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. But in bulk collections of matter – including the quark-gluon plasma – at longer distances or smaller momentum transfer, an approach called lattice gauge theory has to be used.” (more…)

Just Four Percent of Galaxies Have Neighbors Like the Milky Way

By Guest PostMay 26, 2011Scienceanalyses of data, big bang, cdm, cold dark matter theory, computer model, formation of our galaxy, Galaxy, luminosity, magellanic clouds, Milky Way, nigel sharp, optical sky, risa wechsler, sdss, stanford university, universe

*Our home galaxy belongs to a rare subset among the billions that populate the cosmos*

How unique is the Milky Way?

To find out, a group of researchers led by Stanford University astrophysicist Risa Wechsler compared the Milky Way to similar galaxies and found that just four percent are like the galaxy Earth calls home. (more…)

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