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UCLA Astronomers Solve Mystery of Vanishing Electrons

By Guest PostJanuary 31, 2012Scienceastronaut, atmosphere, coronal mass ejections, drew turner, earth, electron, energetic particle, explorer i, geomagnetic storms, goes, halloween storm, high energy electron, magnetic field, magnetized outer layer, magnetosphere, michael hartinger, milestone, missing electron, moscow state university, orbiting spacecraft, outer radiation belt, poes, radiation environment, russia, satellites, solar activity, solar wind particle, space environment, space weather phenomena, spacecraft, sun, themis, theory, vassilis angelopoulos, yuri shprits

*Findings further efforts to better predict geomagnetic storms in space*

UCLA researchers have explained the puzzling disappearing act of energetic electrons in Earth’s outer radiation belt, using data collected from a fleet of orbiting spacecraft.

In a paper published Jan. 29 in the advance online edition of the journal Nature Physics, the team shows that the missing electrons are swept away from the planet by a tide of solar wind particles during periods of heightened solar activity. (more…)

Study: Giant Super-Earths Made of Diamond Are Possible

By Guest PostDecember 8, 2011Scienceatmosphere, carbon, carbon rich planets, carbon super earths, diamond planet, diamonds, earth, jason kabbes, jennifer johnson, lower mantle, magnetic field, mantle, Milky Way, ohio state university, oxygen, planet, san francisco, silica based minerals, solar systems, stars, wendy panero

SAN FRANCISCO – A planet made of diamonds may sound lovely, but you wouldn’t want to live there.

A new study suggests that some stars in the Milky Way could harbor “carbon super-Earths” – giant terrestrial planets that contain up to 50 percent diamond.

But if they exist, those planets are likely devoid of life as we know it. (more…)

Earth’s Core Deprived of Oxygen

By Guest PostNovember 27, 2011Sciencecarbon, carnegie, China, composition, core, earth, environments, function of depth, haijun huang, hydrogen, iron, less oxidized, light elements, liquid outer core, magnetic field, models, oxygen, reduced, silicon, solid inner core, speed of sound, sulfur, temperature and pressure, variations in density, wuhan university of technology, yingwei fei

Washington, D.C. — The composition of the Earth’s core remains a mystery. Scientists know that the liquid outer core consists mainly of iron, but it is believed that small amounts of some other elements are present as well. Oxygen is the most abundant element in the planet, so it is not unreasonable to expect oxygen might be one of the dominant “light elements” in the core. However, new research from a team including Carnegie’s Yingwei Fei shows that oxygen does not have a major presence in the outer core. This has major implications for our understanding of the period when the Earth formed through the accretion of dust and clumps of matter. Their work is published Nov. 24 in Nature. (more…)

NASA’s WISE Mission Captures Black Hole’s Wildly Flaring Jet

By Guest PostSeptember 21, 2011Sciencea w blain, accretion disks, astronomers, black hole called gx 339 4, black holes, blazing jets, center of our galaxy, d m russell, extreme environments around black holes, flaring black hole, gamma rays, gravity, infrared observations, japan aerospace exploration agency, jaxa, jets, magnetic field, NASA, neowise, peter eisenhardt, physics of jets, poshak gandhi, radio waves, s markoff, speed of light, ultra dense collection of matter, wide field infrared survey explorer, wise, xrays

PASADENA, Calif. — Astronomers using NASA’s Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) have captured rare data of a flaring black hole, revealing new details about these powerful objects and their blazing jets.

Scientists study jets to learn more about the extreme environments around black holes. Much has been learned about the material feeding black holes, called accretion disks, and the jets themselves, through studies using X-rays, gamma rays and radio waves. But key measurements of the brightest part of the jets, located at their bases, have been difficult despite decades of work. WISE is offering a new window into this missing link through its infrared observations. (more…)

Probes Suggest Magnetic Bubbles at Solar System Edge

By Guest PostJune 13, 2011Scienceboston university, boundary region, computer model, earth, energetic particles, galactic cosmic rays, Galaxy, heliophysics system observatory, jim drake, magnetic field, merav opher, milky way galaxy, NASA, north pole, solar system, south pole, Space, turbulent sea of magnetic bubbles, university of maryland, voyager data, voyager spacecraft

PASADENA, Calif. –– Observations from NASA’s Voyager spacecraft, humanity’s farthest deep space sentinels, suggest the edge of our solar system may not be smooth, but filled with a turbulent sea of magnetic bubbles.

While using a new computer model to analyze Voyager data, scientists found the sun’s distant magnetic field is made up of bubbles approximately 100 million miles (160 million kilometers) wide. The bubbles are created when magnetic field lines reorganize. The new model suggests the field lines are broken up into self-contained structures disconnected from the solar magnetic field. The findings are described in the June 9 edition of the Astrophysical Journal. (more…)

NASA’s Galileo Reveals Magma ‘Ocean’ Beneath Surface of Jupiter’s Moon

By Guest PostMay 13, 2011Scienceearth surface, galileo, galileo spacecraft, hotspots, io, jupiter, krishan khurana, magma, magma layer, magnetic field, magnetometer, NASA, ocean, pacific ocean, planet, ring of fire, solar system, spacecraft, the mantle, torrence johnson, ultramific rocks, volcanic moon, volcanic object, xianzhe jia

A new analysis of data from NASA’s Galileo spacecraft has revealed that beneath the surface of Jupiter’s volcanic moon Io is an “ocean” of molten or partially molten magma.

The finding, from a study published May 13 in the journal Science, is the first direct confirmation of such a magma layer on Io and explains why the moon is the most volcanic object known in the solar system. The research was conducted by scientists from UCLA, UC Santa Cruz and the University of Michigan–Ann Arbor. (more…)

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