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How Galaxies Grow Up

By Guest PostOctober 20, 2012Scienceadam block, age, andromeda galaxy, astronomer, benjamin weiner, blue galaxies, california, computer program, computer simulation, deep2, emission line, galaxies, Galaxy, galaxy evolution, galaxy population, galaxy type, gas, grow up, hawaii, internal motion, keck telescopes, lick observatory, light years, m88 galaxy, massive system, Milky Way, mount lemmon, NASA, observational data, random motion, redshift survey, rotation speed, santa cruz, skycenter, spiral disk shape, star forming galaxies, susan kassin, ua, universe, university, velocity

A study of 544 star-forming galaxies shows that disk galaxies like our own Milky Way reached their current state as orderly rotating pinwheels much later than previously thought, long after much of the universe’s star formation had ceased.

Galaxies are in no hurry to grow up, a team of astronomers has discovered. A comprehensive study of hundreds of galaxies observed by the Keck telescopes in Hawaii and NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope has revealed an unexpected pattern of change that extends back 8 billion years, or more than half the age of the universe.

Researchers say the distant blue galaxies they studied are gradually transforming into rotating disk galaxies like our own Milky Way. Until now, it had not been clear how a galaxy’s organization and internal motion change over time, said Benjamin Weiner, assistant astronomer at the UA Steward Observatory and co-author of the paper describing the findings, which are published in The Astrophysical Journal. (more…)

Fluid Cathedrals: Gels Under the Microscope

By Guest PostOctober 8, 2012Science3d maps, bandage, basilica, cables, computer simulation, correlation, di, discovery, dollop, engineering researcher, error, florence, flow, fluid, geodesic dome, hair gel, high tech, labyrinth, lilian hsiao, manufacturer, michael solomon, michigan, particle, pedestrian, pressure, railroad bridge, richmond newman, rigid structure, rods, roof, santa croce, sharon glotzer, tensegrity, trial

ANN ARBOR— A dollop of hair gel might not look like much, but Michigan Engineering researchers have found that it’s a labyrinth of chambers and domes, constructed by the particles inside. These structures allow the gel to hold its shape and determine how much pressure it can withstand before it starts to flow.

While manufacturers currently use trial and error to develop gels with a particular degree of solidity, this discovery could provide a way to design gels for particular applications. (more…)

Entropy Can Lead to Order, Paving The Route to Nanostructures

By Guest PostJuly 28, 2012Scienceaerodynamics, atoms, computer simulation, crystal structure, disorder, drifting particle, entropy, michael engel, nanoparticle, pablo damasceno, particle, Science, shape, sharon glotzer, university of michigan

ANN ARBOR, Mich.— Researchers trying to herd tiny particles into useful ordered formations have found an unlikely ally: entropy, a tendency generally described as “disorder.”

Computer simulations by University of Michigan scientists and engineers show that the property can nudge particles to form organized structures. By analyzing the shapes of the particles beforehand, they can even predict what kinds of structures will form.

The findings, published in this week’s edition of Science, help lay the ground rules for making designer materials with wild capabilities such as shape-shifting skins to camouflage a vehicle or optimize its aerodynamics. (more…)

Organics Probably Formed Easily in Early Solar System

By Guest PostApril 4, 2012Scienceamino acids, amphiphiles, bombard, building blocks, cellular membrane, cometary, computer simulation, DNA, dynamics, fred ciesla, life on earth, meteorite, nasa ames, nucleobases, organic compound, planet, proteins, rna, science express, scott sandford, solar nebula, uchicago, ultraviolet radiation, uv radiation

Complex organic compounds, including many important to life on Earth, were readily produced under conditions that likely prevailed in the primordial solar system. Scientists at the University of Chicago and NASA Ames Research Center came to this conclusion after linking computer simulations to laboratory experiments.

Fred Ciesla, assistant professor in geophysical sciences at UChicago, simulated the dynamics of the solar nebula, the cloud of gas and dust from which the sun and the planets formed. Although every dust particle within the nebula behaved differently, they all experienced the conditions needed for organics to form over a simulated million-year period. (more…)

Mars: Red Planet’s Rapid Formation Explains Its Small Size Relative to Earth

By Guest PostMay 27, 2011Scienceali pourmand, atmosphere, chemical behavior, chondrites, composition of chondrites, computer simulation, dauphas and pourmand, earth, embryos, enriqueta barrera, fine scale chronology, geophysicist, hafnium, lithophile elements, mantle of mars, mars, martian meteorites, national science foundation, nicolas dauphas, non volatile elements, nsf, radioactive decay, red planet, refractory, solar system, tungsten in meteorites, tungsten isotopic composition, university of chicago, xenon content

*Mars developed far more quickly than our blue planet*

Mars developed in as little as two to four million years after the birth of the solar system, far more quickly than Earth, according to results of a new study published in this week’s issue of the journal Nature.

The red planet’s rapid formation helps explain why it is so small, say the study’s co-authors, Nicolas Dauphas at the University of Chicago and Ali Pourmand at the University of Miami. (more…)

Simulating Human Decision-Making Could Improve Emergency Evacuation Planning

By Guest PostNovember 6, 2010Education, Environment, Naturecomputer simulation, effective law-enforcement, evacuations, seungho lee, traffic management, university of arizona

ANN ARBOR, Mich.—A unique disaster-response planning tool takes real-time human decision-making into account to determine effective law-enforcement strategies during evacuations. A University of Michigan researcher contributed to the development of the tool. (more…)

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