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Scientists Explore Roots of Future Tropical Rainfall

By Guest PostJune 10, 2013Environmentarabian sea, atmosphere, bay of bengal, climate prediction, earth, eastern africa, eastern indian ocean, evidence, future tropical rainfall, geological clues, hadley centre, indian, indo-pacific, indonesia, jessica tierney, last glacial maximum, last ice age, northern australia, numerical models, pacific regions, pedro dinezio, proxies, proxy evidence, rainfall patterns, roots, salinity, saltier waters, southeast asia, sunda shelf, surface waters, tropical climate change, university of hawaii, warm pool, western pacific, wetter

Analysis of the Last Glacial Maximum sheds light on climate models’ ability to simulate tropical climate change

How will rainfall patterns across the tropical Indian and Pacific regions change in a future warming world? Climate models generally suggest that the tropics as a whole will get wetter, but the models don’t always agree on where rainfall patterns will shift in particular regions within the tropics.

A new study, published online May 19 in the journal Nature Geoscience, looks to the past to learn about the future of tropical climate change, and our ability to simulate it with numerical models. (more…)

NASA’s Aquarius Sees Salty Shifts

By Guest PostMarch 1, 2013Environmentafrica, amazon river mouth, aquarius, aquarius instrument, arabian sea, argentine built, bay of bengal, caribbean, changing global climate, chronicle, cold polar waters, conae, cycling of freshwater, eastern tropical pacific, eric lindstrom, flag data, ganges, gary lagerloef, gene carl feldman, global rainfall patterns, heavy rain, ice free oceans, land contamination, large freshwater plume, mediterranean sea, microwave emissions, microwave radiometer, middle east, monsoon rains, NASA, ocean circulation, ocean salinity patterns, ocean salinity satellite, panama coast, pulses of freshwater, salinity processes, salinity variations, salty arabian sea, salty shifts, salty world, seasonal stirrings, smos, soil moisture, spacecraft, spurs, surface salinity data, varying salinity patterns, winter

The colorful images chronicle the seasonal stirrings of our salty world: Pulses of freshwater gush from the Amazon River’s mouth; an invisible seam divides the salty Arabian Sea from the fresher waters of the Bay of Bengal; a large patch of freshwater appears in the eastern tropical Pacific in the winter. These and other changes in ocean salinity patterns are revealed by the first full year of surface salinity data captured by NASA’s Aquarius instrument.

“With a bit more than a year of data, we are seeing some surprising patterns, especially in the tropics,” said Aquarius Principal Investigator Gary Lagerloef, of Earth & Space Research in Seattle. “We see features evolve rapidly over time.” (more…)

Roots of Deadly 2010 India Flood Identified; Findings Could Improve Warnings

By Guest PostNovember 14, 2012Environmentarabian sea, bay, bengal, big thompson canyon, black hills, clouds, colorado, desert, dramatic rain, flash flood, himalayas, indian town, kristen rasmussen, leh, moisture, mountain, natural disaster, plains, reanalysis data, remote region, robert houze, satellite images, south dakota, storms, tibetan plateau, torrential downpour, total rainfall, university, valley, warning, Washington, weather forecaster

On the night of Aug. 5, 2010, as residents slept, water began rushing through Leh, an Indian town in a high desert valley in the Himalayas.

Average total rainfall in the area for August is about a half-inch. During this 24-hour period more than 8 inches fell, causing severe damage and leaving 193 dead, hundreds missing and thousands homeless.

“Flash flooding events don’t happen often but when they do they are some of the scariest, most dangerous and quickest natural disasters that can happen,” said Kristen Rasmussen, a University of Washington graduate student in atmospheric sciences. “But now that we know what types of conditions to look out for, flash flood warnings in remote regions of India might be possible.” (more…)

Climate Change Led to Collapse of Ancient Indus Civilization, Study Finds

By Guest PostJune 2, 2012Environment, Sciencearabian sea, archaeological evidence, catastrophic floods, climate change, coring, dorian fuller, drilling, eastern afghanistan, egypt, ganges, geological evidence, geologist, geoscience, ghaggar hakra, goldilocks civilization, harappan civilization, harappan settlements, harappan times, himalaya, hindu mythology, indo gangetic plain, indus, james p m syvitski, liviu giosan, mesopotamia, northwest india, Pakistan, peter d clift, remains, river floods, romania, sarasvati, sediments, srtm, stefan constantinescu, topography, university college london, whoi

A new study combining the latest archaeological evidence with state-of-the-art geoscience technologies provides evidence that climate change was a key ingredient in the collapse of the great Indus or Harappan Civilization almost 4000 years ago. The study also resolves a long-standing debate over the source and fate of the Sarasvati, the sacred river of Hindu mythology.

Once extending more than 1 million square kilometers across the plains of the Indus River from the Arabian Sea to the Ganges, over what is now Pakistan, northwest India and eastern Afghanistan, the Indus civilization was the largest—but least known—of the first great urban cultures that also included Egypt and Mesopotamia. Like their contemporaries, the Harappans, named for one of their largest cities, lived next to rivers owing their livelihoods to the fertility of annually watered lands. (more…)

Link Between Air Pollution and Cyclone Intensity in Arabian Sea

By Guest PostNovember 5, 2011Environmentabcs, aerosol, air pollution, amato evan, anjuli bamzai, arabian sea, arabian sea cyclones, atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns, atmospheric brown clouds, atmospheric concentrations of pollutants, biomass, chul eddy chung, climate, climatological vertical wind shear, cyclone gonu, cyclone phet, diesel emissions, gujarat, gulf of oman, gwangju institute of science and technology, himalayan glacial melting, India, iran, james p kossin, lpg fuel, monsoon season, national science foundation, oman, Pakistan, pollution, rainfall patterns in south asia, scripps institution of oceanography, sea surface temperatures, south korea, storms, university of virginia, veerabhadran ramanathan, wind shear patterns

*Disruption of wind shear enables stronger storms*

Pollution is making Arabian Sea cyclones more intense, according to a study in this week’s issue of the journal Nature.

Traditionally, prevailing wind shear patterns prohibit cyclones in the Arabian Sea from becoming major storms.

The Nature paper suggests that weakening winds have enabled the formation of stronger cyclones in recent years–including storms in 2007 and 2010 that were the first recorded storms to enter the Gulf of Oman. (more…)

Aquarius Yields NASA’s First Global Map of Ocean Salinity

By Guest PostSeptember 25, 2011Environment, Scienceamazon river, aquarius, arabian sea, arnold gordon, bay of bengal, calibration and validation, climate, climate variations, first global map of the salinity, Ganges River, gary lagerloef, global rainfall, indian subcontinent, michael freilich, NASA, ocean circulation, ocean currents, ocean surface, ocean surface salinity, pacific and indian oceans, patterns of rainfall and evaporation over the ocean, river outflow, sac d, salinity changes, salinity in the atlantic ocean, salinity patterns, satélite de aplicaciones científicas, south asia monsoon rains

PASADENA, Calif. – NASA’s new Aquarius instrument has produced its first global map of the salinity of the ocean surface, providing an early glimpse of the mission’s anticipated discoveries.

Aquarius, which is aboard the Aquarius/SAC-D (Satélite de Aplicaciones Científicas) observatory, is making NASA’s first space observations of ocean surface salinity variations — a key component of Earth’s climate. Salinity changes are linked to the cycling of freshwater around the planet and influence ocean circulation. (more…)

‘Sea Levels Rising in Parts of Indian Ocean’

By Guest PostJuly 15, 20102 commentsEnvironmentafrica, Antarctica, arabian sea, atmospheric, balaji rajagopalan, Bangladesh, bay of bengal, global climate, greenhouse gases, India, indian ocean, indo-pacific, Java, mascarenhas archipelago, naval research laboratory in Mississippi, ncar, sea levels, seychelles Islands, sri lanka, sumatra, Tanzania, university of colorado at boulder, weiqing han, Zanzibar

*Greenhouse gases are playing a role in changes, say scientists*

Newly detected rising sea levels in parts of the Indian Ocean, including the coastlines of the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea, Sri Lanka, Sumatra and Java, appear to be at least partly a result of human-induced increases of atmospheric greenhouse gases, says a study led by the University of Colorado at Boulder.

(more…)

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