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Making a Spectacle of Star Formation in Orion

By Guest PostJuly 1, 2011Scienceconstellation of orion, dust clouds, dusty nebula, green ring, messier 78, microns, NASA, nebula, photometer, spitzer, spitzer space telescope

Looking like a pair of eyeglasses only a rock star would wear, this nebula brings into focus a murky region of star formation. NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope exposes the depths of this dusty nebula with its infrared vision, showing stellar infants that are lost behind dark clouds when viewed in visible light.

Best known as Messier 78, the two round greenish nebulae are actually cavities carved out of the surrounding dark dust clouds. The extended dust is mostly dark, even to Spitzer’s view, but the edges show up in mid-wavelength infrared light as glowing, red frames surrounding the bright interiors. Messier 78 is easily seen in small telescopes in the constellation of Orion, just to the northeast of Orion’s belt, but looks strikingly different, with dominant, dark swaths of dust. Spitzer’s infrared eyes penetrate this dust, revealing the glowing interior of the nebulae. (more…)

Caltech-led Researchers Measure Body Temperatures of Dinosaurs for the First Time

By Guest PostJune 30, 2011Sciencebody temperatures, dinosaur body temperatures, dinosaur physiology, dinosaur teeth, dinosaurs, warm blooded metabolism

Some Dinosaurs Were as Warm as Most Modern Mammals

PASADENA, Calif.—Were dinosaurs slow and lumbering, or quick and agile? It depends largely on whether they were cold or warm blooded. When dinosaurs were first discovered in the mid-19th century, paleontologists thought the y were plodding beasts that had to rely on their environments to keep warm, like modern-day reptiles. But research during the last few decades suggests that they were faster creatures, nimble like the velociraptors or T. rex depicted in the movie Jurassic Park, requiring warmer, regulated body temperatures like in mammals. (more…)

Clocking Neptune’s Spin

By Guest PostJune 29, 2011Sciencegas planets, neptune, planet rotation, rotating feature, rotational period, solar wind, south polar wave

By tracking atmospheric features on Neptune, a UA planetary scientist has accurately determined the planet’s rotation, a feat that had not been previously achieved for any of the gas planets in our solar system except Jupiter.

A day on Neptune lasts precisely 15 hours, 57 minutes and 59 seconds, according to the first accurate measurement of its rotational period made by University of Arizona planetary scientist Erich Karkoschka. (more…)

Rare Deep-Water Giant Squid from South Florida Brought to UF for Research

By Guest PostJune 29, 2011Nature, Sciencearchiteuthis dux, biogeography, chromatophores, color bearing cells, ecology, florida fish and wildlife conservation commission, florida museum of natural history, gainesville campus, genetic data, genetic work, giant squid, invertebrates, japanese film crew, jensen beach, joey asaro, john slapcinsky, paleontologist, paul peroulakis, pigment cells, recreational fishermen, reproduction, robert benz, roger portell, sea monsters, smithsonian institution, specimen, sperm whales, squid, university of florida

GAINESVILLE, Fla. — University of Florida researchers received a rare 25-foot-long, deep-water giant squid Monday, the only one of its kind in the collections of the Florida Museum of Natural History.

Recovered by recreational fishermen who found the creature floating on the surface about 12 miles offshore from Jensen Beach Sunday, museum scientists collected the specimen from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Tequesta Field Laboratory in Palm Beach County and returned to the Gainesville campus late Monday. (more…)

When Matter Melts

By Guest PostJune 27, 2011Scienceantiproton collisions, balance of matter and antimatter, bedangadas mohanty, berkeley lab, CERN, color force, critical point, distribution of ordinary matter, elemental constituents of matter, geneva, gluons, hadronic matter, hans georg ritter, heavy ions, India, kolkata, Large Hadron Collider, lattice theory, massive gold nuclei, neutrons, nu xu, phase diagrams, protons, qcd, quantum chromodynamics, quark gluon plasma, relativistic heavy ion collider, rhic, sourendu gupta, tata institute of fundamental research, universe, variable energy cyclotron centre, xiaofeng luo

*By comparing theory with data from STAR, Berkeley Lab scientists and their colleagues map phase changes in the quark-gluon plasma*

In its infancy, when the universe was a few millionths of a second old, the elemental constituents of matter moved freely in a hot, dense soup of quarks and gluons. As the universe expanded, this quark–gluon plasma quickly cooled, and protons and neutrons and other forms of normal matter “froze out”: the quarks became bound together by the exchange of gluons, the carriers of the color force.

“The theory that describes the color force is called quantum chromodynamics, or QCD,” says Nu Xu of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), the spokesperson for the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at DOE’s Brookhaven National Laboratory. “QCD has been extremely successful at explaining interactions of quarks and gluons at short distances, such as high-energy proton and antiproton collisions at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. But in bulk collections of matter – including the quark-gluon plasma – at longer distances or smaller momentum transfer, an approach called lattice gauge theory has to be used.” (more…)

Brain Rhythm Associated With Learning Also linked to Running Speed, UCLA Study Shows

By Guest PostJune 27, 2011Health, Sciencealzheimer's disease, brain as a large orchestra, brain oscillations, brain rhythm, concentration and learning, critical for learning and memory, from outer to inner space, gamma rhythm, hippocampus, keck center, language of the brain, mayank mehta, microelectrodes, microwires 20 times thinner than a human hair, neurophysics, physics and astronomy, plos one, post-traumatic stress, rhythms, running speed, syllables, ucla neurophysicists, university of california, zhiping chen

Rhythms in the brain that are associated with learning become stronger as the body moves faster, UCLA neurophysicists report in a new study.

The research team, led by professor Mayank Mehta, used specialized microelectrodes to monitor an electrical signal known as the gamma rhythm in the brains of mice. This signal is typically produced in a brain region called the hippocampus, which is critical for learning and memory, during periods of concentration and learning. (more…)

University of Maryland Bat Research Promises New Aircraft Speed Detectors

By Guest PostJune 26, 2011Scienceaerial maneuverability, aerodynamic control, aircraft speed detectors, arrays of sensors, hairs function, secrets of bats

Tiny hairs on bats’ wings act as speedometers

COLLEGE PARK, Md.- Anyone watching bats skillfully maneuvering through the air to catch their dinner is impressed by how they quickly change direction and speed. Now researchers in the A. James Clark School of Engineering at the University of Maryland believe they have uncovered one of the secrets of bats’ aerodynamic prowess: rows of microscopic, domed hairs on their wings that might act like speedometers and stall indicators. (more…)

Strongest Evidence yet indicates Icy Saturn Moon hiding Saltwater Ocean

By Guest PostJune 24, 2011Science12 science instruments, cassini spacecraft, cassini-huygens mission to saturn, collaboration of nasa, enceladus, european space agency, frank postberg, icy spray shooting, mission spacecraft, ocean-like, plumes shooting water vapor, salt-rich, saturn system, saturn's moon enceladus, squeezed out, subterranean saltwater ocean, surface of saturn's largest moon, the strongest evidence yet for the existence of a large-scale, tiger stripe, tiny grains of ice, university of colorado boulder, university of germany, university of heidelberg, university of potsdam, vapor clouds

Samples of icy spray shooting from Saturn’s moon Enceladus collected during Cassini spacecraft flybys show the strongest evidence yet for the existence of a large-scale, subterranean saltwater ocean, says a new international study led by the University of Heidelberg and involving the University of Colorado Boulder.

The new discovery was made during the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn, a collaboration of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. Launched in 1997, the mission spacecraft arrived at the Saturn system in 2004 and has been touring the giant ringed planet and its vast moon system ever since. (more…)

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