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NASA’s Kepler Discovery Confirms First Planet Orbiting Two Stars

By Guest PostSeptember 16, 2011Sciencebinary system, double sunset, Galaxy, gravitational pull, gravitational tug on stars, habitable zone, john knoll, kepler 16b, kepler mission, kepler space telescope, laurance doyle, NASA, planet orbiting two stars, san francisco, saturn, star wars, tatooine, visual effects, william borucki

PASADENA, Calif. — The existence of a world with a double sunset, as portrayed in the film Star Wars more than 30 years ago, is now scientific fact. NASA’s Kepler mission has made the first unambiguous detection of a circumbinary planet — a planet orbiting two stars — 200 light-years from Earth.

Unlike Star Wars’ Tatooine, the planet is cold, gaseous and not thought to harbor life, but its discovery demonstrates the diversity of planets in our galaxy. Previous research has hinted at the existence of circumbinary planets, but clear confirmation proved elusive. Kepler detected such a planet, known as Kepler-16b, by observing transits, where the brightness of a parent star dims from the planet crossing in front of it. (more…)

NASA Mars Research Helps Find Buried Water on Earth

By Guest PostSeptember 16, 2011Scienceairborne sounding radar for aquifer mapping, airborne sounding radar prototype, arabian peninsula, depth and extent of aquifers, earth desert, essam heggy, evidence for climate change, geological processes, jet propulsion laboratory, low frequency radar signal, maps of freshwater aquifers, mars orbiting spacecraft, muhammad al rashed, NASA, north africa, northern kuwait, radar sounding technology, semi arid environments, southwestern united states, subsurface of mars, water saturated zones, west and central asia

PASADENA, Calif. — A NASA-led team has used radar sounding technology developed to explore the subsurface of Mars to create high-resolution maps of freshwater aquifers buried deep beneath an Earth desert, in the first use of airborne sounding radar for aquifer mapping.

The research may help scientists better locate and map Earth’s desert aquifers, understand current and past hydrological conditions in Earth’s deserts and assess how climate change is impacting them. Deserts cover roughly 20 percent of Earth’s land surface, including highly populated regions in the Arabian Peninsula, North Africa, west and central Asia and the southwestern United States. (more…)

UCLA Psychologists Discover a Gene’s Link to Optimism, Self-Esteem

By Guest PostSeptember 15, 2011Health, Scienceadenine variant, baldwin way, depressive symptoms, empathy, gene link to optimism, good social skills, guanine variant, hormone, oxtr, oxytocin, oxytocin receptor gene, psychological disorders, shelley e taylor, shimon saphire bernstein, stress and depression

UCLA life scientists have identified for the first time a particular gene’s link to optimism, self-esteem and “mastery,” the belief that one has control over one’s own life — three critical psychological resources for coping well with stress and depression.

“I have been looking for this gene for a few years, and it is not the gene I expected,” said Shelley E. Taylor, a distinguished professor of psychology at UCLA and senior author of the new research. “I knew there had to be a gene for these psychological resources.” (more…)

MSU Licenses Technology to Detect Altered Fingerprints

By Guest PostSeptember 13, 2011Scienceadvancement of biometrics, altered fingerprints, detection, fingerprint

EAST LANSING, Mich. — Michigan State University has licensed cutting-edge software that detects altered fingerprints to Morpho, part of the Safran group, one of the world’s leading suppliers of identification and detection solutions. (more…)

Names, Not Social Networks, Bind Us to Global Cultural and Ethnic Communities

By Guest PostSeptember 12, 2011Culture, Sciencecultural baggage, electoral registers, ethnic and linguistic communities, ethnic segregation, geographical factors, global networks, linguistic population, migrant integration, name dictionary, pablo mateos, research in population genetics, social science, social stratification, surnames and forenames, telephone directories, ucl, university of auckland

Links between hundreds of millions of names belonging to people all around the world have been analysed by geographers from UCL and the University of Auckland. The results reveal how our forenames and surnames are connected in distinct global networks of cultural, ethnic and linguistic communities.

The researchers’ methods could be of use to social scientists and health researchers investigating migration, identity and integration. (more…)

Get the Light, Beat the Heat

By Guest PostSeptember 11, 2011Scienceandre anders, anna llordes, berkeley lab, breakthrough technology, carbon emissions in the united states, coloration efficiency, delia milliron, department of energy, doe, dynamic window coatings, electric charge, electrochromic materials, evan runnerstrom, guillermo garcia, lawrence berkeley national laboratory, near infrared frequency range, raffaella buonsanti, rueben mendelsberg, semiconductor nanocrystal coating material, semiconductor nanocrystals, smart window, thomas richardson

*Berkeley Lab Researchers Develop New Infrared Coating for Windows*

Researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have unveiled a semiconductor nanocrystal coating material capable of controlling heat from the sun while remaining transparent. Based on electrochromic materials, which use a jolt of electric charge to tint a clear window, this breakthrough technology is the first to selectively control the amount of near infrared radiation. This radiation, which leads to heating, passes through the film without affecting its visible transmittance. Such a dynamic system could add a critical energy-saving dimension to “smart window” coatings. (more…)

The Next Generation of Ice Cream: One Bite, Two Flavors

By Guest PostSeptember 11, 2011Scienceamerica, caramel, chewing gum, chocolate, elizabeth fenner, experimental ice cream, flavor release, frozen desserts, gastric activity, ice cream, ingolf gruen, micro encapsulation, microwave cooking, national ice cream retailers association, neapolitan, nut, probiotic bacteria, strawberry, Technology, vanilla, vanilla flavor

*MU researchers develop “flavor release” ice cream with two distinct flavors*

COLUMBIA, Mo. — As the spoon slides into your mouth, you feel the freshness of the ice cream cool your mouth with a rich vanilla flavor. Yet, as you dig your spoon in for more, the vanilla changes, ever so slightly at first, but then to a distinct second flavor as you begin to taste cherry just before you swallow that first bite. The two-flavor, or “flavor release,” ice cream is an experimental ice cream that is being tested by researchers at the University of Missouri College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources.

Using a process known as “micro-encapsulation,” Elizabeth Fenner, a food science graduate student, and Ingolf Gruen, associate professor and chair of food sciences, developed the ice cream that starts as one flavor and — after immediately breaking down inside the mouth — releases a second flavor. (more…)

A “Jumping Gene’s” Preferred Targets May Influence Genome Evolution

By Guest PostSeptember 10, 2011Sciencegene disruption project, genetic blueprint, genome evolution, jumping gene, transposon elements

Baltimore, MD — The human genome shares several peculiarities with the DNA of just about every other plant and animal. Our genetic blueprint contains numerous entities known as transposons, or “jumping genes,” which have the ability to move from place to place on the chromosomes within a cell. (more…)

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