Tübinger Archäologen erforschen extreme Lebensbedingungen der frühen Südamerikaner
In den südlichen Anden Perus hat ein Archäologenteam unter der Beteiligung von Forschern der Universität Tübingen und dem Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment (HEP) die höchstgelegenen menschlichen Eiszeitsiedlungen der Welt entdeckt. Die Siedlungsplätze liegen etwa 4.500 Meter über dem Meeresspiegel. Die neuen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass menschliche Behausungen bereits tausend Jahre früher als bisher gedacht in diesen Höhen existierten. Jäger und Sammler haben sich vor rund 12.000 Jahren, im späten Pleistozän, trotz tiefer Temperaturen, hoher Sonneneinstrahlung und niedrigen Sauerstoffwerten in der abgelegenen, baumlosen Landschaft niedergelassen – und das bereits 2.000 Jahre, nachdem die ersten Menschen Südamerika erreichten. (more…)
Combined research efforts by scientists involved in the Gulf of Maine Toxicity (GOMTOX) project, funded by NOAA’s Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms (ECOHAB) program, and administered by the National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), have led to enhanced understanding of toxic algal blooms on Georges Bank. This new information, coupled with an at-sea and dockside testing protocol developed through collaboration between GOMTOX and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) investigators, has allowed fishermen to harvest ocean quahogs and surf clams in these offshore waters for the first time in more than two decades.
The shellfish industry estimates the Georges Bank fishery can produce up to 1 million bushels of surf clams and ocean quahogs a year, valued $10 – 15 million annually. “There is a billion dollars’ worth of shellfish product on Georges Bank that is property of the United States but that can’t be harvested because of the threat of toxicity, and 99.9% of the time, it is good wholesome product,” says Dave Wallace of North Atlantic Clam Association and a GOMTOX participant. “In an unusual and unique partnership, we worked with GOMTOX scientists, the FDA, and the states of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Jersey and Delaware and now that huge resource can go into commerce, which helps the entire country.” (more…)
Ocean eddies help jump-start plankton blooms that spread across hundreds of square miles
On this July 4th week, U.S. beachgoers are thronging their way to seaside resorts and parks to celebrate with holiday fireworks. But across the horizon and miles out to sea toward the north, the Atlantic Ocean’s own spring and summer ritual unfolds. It entails the blooming of countless microscopic plants, or phytoplankton.
In what’s known as the North Atlantic Bloom, an immense number of phytoplankton burst into existence, first “greening,” then “whitening” the sea as one or more species take the place of others.
What turns on this huge bloom, what starts these ocean fireworks? Is it the Sun’s warmth? (more…)
