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The Best of Both Catalytic Worlds

By Guest PostOctober 13, 2012ScienceBerkeley, berkeley lab, biochemistry, biomolecule, california, cancer, catalysis program, catalyst, catalytic reactivity, chemical reaction, cholesterol medicine, complex reaction, cyclopropanation reaction, cyclopropane, dean toste, dendrimers, elad gross, enzyme, gabor somorjai, gold nanocluster, heterogeneous, homogeneous, industrial catalyst, metal catalysts, metal nanocluster, molecule, palladium, pamam, platinum, product selectivity, property, protein, recyclability, rhodium, substance, university

Berkeley Lab Researchers Develop New Technique for Heterogenizing Homogenous Nano Catalysts

Catalysts are substances that speed up the rates of chemical reactions without themselves being chemically changed. Industrial catalysts come in two main types – heterogeneous, in which the catalyst is in a different phase from the reactants; and homogeneous, in which catalyst and the reactants are in the same phase. Heterogeneous catalysts are valued for their sustainability because they can be recycled. Homogeneous catalysts are valued for their product selectivity as their properties can be easily tuned through relatively simple chemistry.

Researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have combined the best properties of both types of industrial catalysts by encapsulating nanoclusters of a metallic heterogeneous catalyst within the branched arms of the molecules known as dendrimers. (more…)

Bounce, Skid, Wobble: How Huygens Landed on Titan

By Guest PostOctober 11, 2012Science17th century, analysis, astronomer, cassini spacecraft, christiaan huygens, direction, dutch, earth, erich karkoschka, european, evaporate, friction, hazy atmosphere, horizon, huygens data, huygens impact, huygens probe, institute, lower atmosphere, max planck, methane, model, moon, moon surface, motion, mud like, NASA, nicolas altobelli, organic aerosols, ralph lorenz, saturn, space agency, splat, stefan schroder, substance, titan, titan atmosphere, undisturbed terrain

Piecing together the events of the farthest touchdown a manmade spacecraft has ever made on an alien world reveals new clues about Titan’s surface and helps plan future missions to moons and planets.

The Huygens probe, ferried to Saturn’s moon Titan by NASA’s Cassini spacecraft, bounced, slid and wobbled its way to rest in the 10 seconds after touching down on Titan in January 2005, a new analysis reveals. The moon’s surface is more complex than previously thought.

Scientists reconstructed the chain of events by analyzing data from a variety of instruments that were active during the impact, in particular changes in the acceleration experienced by the probe. The probe was supplied by the European Space Agency and named after the Dutch 17th century astronomer Christiaan Huygens. (more…)

Loss of Appetite Deciphered in Brain Cell Circuit

By Guest PostMarch 14, 2012Scienceanorexia nervosa, body, brain, brain development, cancer chemotherapy, excitatory signal, experimental result, food aversions, function, gaba, glutamate, hypothalamus, loss of appetite, meal, mice, michael s clark, michael schwartz, nausea, nerve cells, nucleus tractus solitarus, parabrachial nucleus, point of emaciation, qi wu, ralph brinster, receptor, richard d palmiter, starvation, substance, transgenic mice, university of pennsylvania, university of washington

The meal is pushed way, untouched. Loss of appetite can be a fleeting queasiness or continue to the point of emaciation. While it’s felt in the gut, more is going on inside the head.

New findings are emerging about brain and body messaging pathways that lead to loss of appetite, and the systems in place to avoid starvation. (more…)

Treatment For TB Can Be Guided By Patients’ Genetics

By Guest PostFebruary 11, 2012Scienceanti-inflammatory, charles serhan, corticosteroids, david tobin, dexamethasone therapy, duke university, francisco roca, gene, gene variant, genetic sequence, goldilocks effect, guy thwaites, harvard university, heterozygous advantage, human genetics, hyperinflammation, infection, inflammation, inflammatory response, lalita ramakrishnan, leukotriene b4, lipoxins, lta4h, mary claire king, mutation, oxford university, patient, pro inflammatory, seattle, substance, tb, tb like infection, tb meningitis, tuberculosis, tuberculosis treatment, university of washington, Vietnam, zebrafish

A gene that influences the inflammatory response to infection may also predict the effectiveness of drug treatment for a deadly form of tuberculosis.

An international collaboration between researchers at the University of Washington in Seattle, Duke University, Harvard University, the Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in Vietnam and Kings College London reported these findings Feb. 3 in the journal Cell. (more…)

Low Education, Income Levels Linked to Depression Among Urban Black Fathers

By Guest PostNovember 25, 2010Cultureanxiety, black fathers, black men, depression, economic conditions, fragile families, marilyn sinkewicz, mental health, rufina lee, substance

ANN ARBOR, Mich.— A new University of Michigan study finds that black fathers are 50 percent more likely to be depressed than men in the general population. One quarter of black fathers were depressed at some time over the five-year course of the study.

Additionally, black fathers with lower levels of education and income have elevated rates of depression. Depression is twice as prevalent among those without a high school education. (more…)

Tag Archives: substance

The Best of Both Catalytic Worlds

Bounce, Skid, Wobble: How Huygens Landed on Titan

Loss of Appetite Deciphered in Brain Cell Circuit

Treatment For TB Can Be Guided By Patients’ Genetics

Low Education, Income Levels Linked to Depression Among Urban Black Fathers