Decades of research on how bats use echolocation to keep a focus on their targets not only lends support to a long debated neuroscience hypothesis about vision but also could lead to smarter sonar and radar technologies.
PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Amid a neuroscience debate about how people and animals focus on distinct objects within cluttered scenes, some of the newest and best evidence comes from the way bats “see” with their ears, according to a new paper in the Journal of Experimental Biology. In fact, the perception process in question could improve sonar and radar technology. (more…)
Twenty years after the hormone leptin was found to regulate metabolism, appetite, and weight through brain cells called neurons, Yale School of Medicine researchers have found that the hormone also acts on other types of cells to control appetite.
Published in the June 1 issue of Nature Neuroscience, the findings could lead to development of treatments for metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. (more…)
Findings could lead to natural bacterial anti-infectives in food-producing plants
COLUMBIA, Mo. – When bacteria attack plants, they often inject harmful proteins into the host plants’ cells to weaken and suppress natural defenses. However, in some plants, bacteria attack once they’ve recognized the plant cells as a potential host. Now, researchers at the University of Missouri have identified and replicated the process that allows the bacteria—known mostly for attacking tomatoes—to invade its host. This discovery could lead to natural anti-infective treatments that work with food-producing plants to enhance resistance to harmful bacteria in the field. (more…)
Viele Tier- und Pflanzenarten verlassen in Folge der Klimaerwärmung ihre bisherigen Verbreitungsgebiete und wandern langsam nach Norden oder in höhere Gebirgslagen. Bestehende Schutzgebiete werden möglicherweise auf lange Sicht nicht mehr jene Arten beherbergen, für deren Schutz sie einst bestimmt waren. Zu diesem Befund, der aktuell im Fachmagazin PLOS ONE erscheint, kommt ein internationales Team, an dem auch Biodiversitätsforscherin Andrea Grill von der Universität Wien beteiligt war. Die WissenschafterInnen untersuchten die Diversität der Schmetterlinge im griechischen Dadia National Park.
Ausgangspunkt für die Untersuchung waren die 1998 von Andrea Grill im Rahmen ihrer Diplomarbeit erhobenen Daten von Schmetterlingen im griechischen Dadia National Park, der in den Rhodopen im Nordosten des Landes liegt. Heute forscht die Elise-Richter-Stipendiatin am Department für Tropenökologie und Biodiversität der Tiere der Universität Wien und freut sich darüber, mit ihrer Diplomarbeit die Basis für eine internationale Studie vorbereitet zu haben. “Wir konnten, indem wir die damaligen Ergebnisse mit aktuellen verglichen, beweisen, dass Schmetterlinge relativ rasch auf Klimaveränderungen reagieren”, so Andrea Grill. (more…)
Researchers have found the first proof that a chemical in the brain called glutamate is linked to suicidal behavior, offering new hope for efforts to prevent people from taking their own lives.
Writing in the journal Neuropsychopharmacology, Michigan State University’s Lena Brundin and an international team of co-investigators present the first evidence that glutamate is more active in the brains of people who attempt suicide. Glutamate is an amino acid that sends signals between nerve cells and has long been a suspect in the search for chemical causes of depression. (more…)
