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New Sensor Array to Monitor Impacts of Changing Gulf of Maine Conditions on New England Red Tide

By Guest PostMay 14, 2014Environmentalexandrium fundyense, brexit, changing, computer model, condition, costs of healthcare, don anderson, environmental sample processors, gulf of maine, harmful algal bloom, hawking, henry cabin, kohl kanwit, manik mian, michael cleman, new england, noaa, oceanographic institution, palmaz schatz stent, phenomenon, red tide, street hawker, votum, whoi, woods hole

Scientists from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) are kicking off an innovative NOAA-funded pilot program using robotic instruments and computer modeling analysis to shed light on changing ocean conditions in the Gulf of Maine as they relate to the harmful algal bloom (HAB) phenomenon commonly known as the New England red tide.

The red tide is caused by the germination of dormant cysts of alga called Alexandrium fundyense, which produces a toxin that can cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). These cysts are found in bottom sediments and near-bottom waters, accumulating in “seedbeds” that serve as the source of swimming, rapidly dividing cells that form the blooms each spring. (more…)

Amazon Carbon Dynamics: Understanding the Photosynthesis-Climate Link

By Guest PostMarch 13, 2014Environmentamazon carbon dynamics, amazon tropical forests, australia, carbon cycle science, climate, computer model, dennis dye, earth observing satellites, hydrologist valeriy ivanov, jin wu, link, manaus, photosynthesis, project, santarem, scientists in brazil, scott saleska, seasonal variations, sydney, three dimensional variation, university of arizona, university of michigan, university of technology, usgs

FLAGSTAFF, Ariz. — Researchers at the U.S. Geological Survey, the University of Michigan, the University of Arizona, and the University of Technology, Sydney (Australia) are collaborating with scientists in Brazil on a three-year research project that investigates a basic yet unanswered question in Earth-system and global carbon-cycle science: What controls the response of photosynthesis in Amazon tropical forests to seasonal variations in climate?

Results of the study will help improve the reliability of global climate forecasts by guiding improvements in the treatment of tropical forest photosynthesis and related water-cycle processes in Earth-system models. (more…)

New Tool Available to Help Track Spilled Oil

By Guest PostFebruary 8, 2014Environmentcoast of alabama, computer model, deepwater horizon, future oil spills, gulf of mexico, movement of srbs, oil, oil spill, p soupy dalyander, sand mix, spilled oil, srbs, surface residual balls, tool, track, U.S. Geological Survey, western florida

Computer model can help with current, future clean-up efforts

St. Petersburg, Fla. – A newly developed computer model holds the promise of helping scientists track and predict where oil will go after a spill, sometimes years later. U.S. Geological Survey scientists developed the model as a way of tracking the movement of sand and oil found along the Gulf of Mexico since the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. The new tool can help guide clean-up efforts, and be used to aid the response to future oil spills. (more…)

El Niño tied to melting of Antarctica’s Pine Island Glacier

By Guest PostJanuary 6, 2014Environmentalfred wegener institute, antarctic ice sheet, Antarctica, british antarctic survey, climate condition, computer model, el niño, eric steig, floating ice shelf, Germany, jen de rydt, korea, ocean circulation, paul holland, pierre dutrieux, pine island glacier, qinghua ding, topography, tropical pacific ocean, university of washington, warming global oceans

Pine Island Glacier is one of the biggest routes for ice to flow from Antarctica into the sea. The floating ice shelf at the glacier’s tip has been melting and thinning for the past four decades, causing the glacier to speed up and discharge more ice.

Understanding this ice shelf is a key for predicting sea-level rise in a warming world. A paper published Jan. 2 in the advance online version of the journal Science shows that the ice shelf melting depends on the local wind direction, which is tied to tropical changes associated with El Niño. (more…)

Could a Milky Way Supernova Be Visible from Earth in Next 50 Years?

By Guest PostNovember 17, 2013Scienceamerican neutrino expert, astronomer, christopher kochanek, computer model, detectors for neutrinos, egads, element gadolinium, galactic supernova, Galaxy, gravitational waves, infrared radiation, Japan, john beacom, mark vagins, milky way supernova, nuclear reactors, ohio state university, ohioans, scott adams, super k, super kamiokande, ultra pure water, visible from earth

Advances in cameras, new strategies for detection make it possible

COLUMBUS, Ohio — Astronomers at The Ohio State University have calculated the odds that, sometime during the next 50 years, a supernova occurring in our home galaxy will be visible from Earth.

The good news: they’ve calculated the odds to be nearly 100 percent that such a supernova would be visible to telescopes in the form of infrared radiation. (more…)

Maths predicts rise and fall of empires

By Guest PostOctober 5, 2013General, Scienceafrica, americas, ancient empires, asia, cavalry, chariots, computer model, empires, Europe, evolution, evolutionary driver, fall, grid cell, human history, math, mathematical model, mathematical simulation, military innovation, old world, predict, predict the future, quantitative accuracy, rise, sergey gavrilets, simulate warfare, socio cultural evolution, tom currie, university of connecticut, university of exeter

Researchers have developed a new mathematical model that accurately describes the evolution of ancient empires.

The computer model can predict with 65% accuracy where and when the largest complex societies arose in human history.

The research, which suggests that intense warfare is the evolutionary driver of large complex societies, is published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). It was carried out by researchers from the University of Exeter in collaboration with University of Connecticut and the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis (NIMBioS) in the US. (more…)

First global atlas of marine plankton reveals remarkable underwater world

By Guest PostAugust 11, 2013Naturebacteria, c more, chaetoceros decipiens, climate change, computer model, data for plankton, diazotrophs, foraminifera, global atlas, hastigerina digitata, impact, jellyfish, maredat, marine biodiversity, marine biota, marine plankton, marine plankton diatom, nitrogen fixing bacteria, ocean acidification, ocean field data, predict, scott doney, South Pacific, Southern Ocean, subtropical ocean gyres, whoi, yawei luo

Under the microscope, they look like they could be from another planet, but these microscopic organisms inhabit the depths of our oceans in nearly infinite numbers.

To begin to identify where, when, and how much oceanic plankton can be found around the globe, a group of international researchers have compiled the first ever global atlas cataloguing marine plankton ranging in size from bacteria to jellyfish. The atlas was published on July 19, 2013, in a special issue of the journal Earth System Science Data. (more…)

Ecological forces structure your body’s personal mix of microbes

By Guest PostAugust 5, 2013Health, Sciencebacteria, body, chronic digestive inflammation, computer model, ecological forces, elhanan borenstein, energy metabolism, environmental conditions, fungi, genetics studies, habitat filtering, human microbiome, infection, injury, microbes, nutrient, roie levy, species interaction, toxins, university of washington

Environmental conditions have a much stronger influence on the mix of microbes living in various parts of your body than does competition between species. Instead of excluding each other, microbes that fiercely compete for similar resources are more likely to cohabit in the same individual.

This phenomenon was discovered in a recent study of the human microbiome – the vast collection of our resident bacteria, fungi, and other tiny organisms. (more…)

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