Science – Page 175 – Shamskm: A site to exchange knowledge and solutions

In the eye of a chicken, a new state of matter comes into view

By Guest PostMarch 4, 2014Sciencearizona state university, chicken, crystal, density of particles, disordered hyperuniformity, eye, frank stillinger, joseph corbo, light waves, liquid, princeton university, remi dreyfus, salvatore torquato, state of matter, yang jiao

Along with eggs, soup and rubber toys, the list of the chicken’s most lasting legacies may eventually include advanced materials such as self-organizing colloids, or optics that can transmit light with the efficiency of a crystal and the flexibility of a liquid.

The unusual arrangement of cells in a chicken’s eye constitutes the first known biological occurrence of a potentially new state of matter known as “disordered hyperuniformity,” according to researchers from Princeton University and Washington University in St. Louis. Research in the past decade has shown that disordered hyperuniform materials have unique properties when it comes to transmitting and controlling light waves, the researchers report in the journal Physical Review E. (more…)

Neu: Umweltfreundliche chemische Reaktion verschwendet keine Atome

By Guest PostMarch 4, 2014Scienceangewandte chemie, bo peng, katalysator, langui xie, nuno maulide, oxidation, reaktivitaet, redox arylierung, reduktionsmittel, umweltfreundliche chemische reaktion, universitaet wien, xueliang huang

In der Arbeitsgruppe von Nuno Maulide, Chemiker an der Universität Wien, wurde eine neue chemische Synthese für α-arylierte Carbonylverbindungen entwickelt. Vertreter dieser Substanzklasse zeigen interessante biologische und pharmakologische Eigenschaften und kommen z.B. bei entzündungshemmenden Medikamenten zur Anwendung. Die neue Technik, mit der sich solche Carbonylverbindungen einfach, effizient und umweltfreundlich – ohne Verschwendung von Atomen – herstellen lassen, erregt in der Wissenschaft derzeit hohe Aufmerksamkeit. Die Publikation im Fachmagazin “Angewandte Chemie” wurde von der Redaktion als sehr wichtig eingestuft.

Vom zufälligen Ergebnis zum rationalen Design
In der organischen Chemie gibt es nach wie vor Überraschungen, z.B. wenn neue Eigenschaften bei Stoffen und Reaktionen entdeckt werden. Beispielsweise eine neue Reaktivität, also die Fähigkeit eines Stoffes, eine chemische Reaktion einzugehen, liefert ein tieferes Verständnis der an der Reaktion beteiligten Faktoren. ChemikerInnen können im Idealfall darauf aufbauend neue Transformationen entwickeln. (more…)

‘Photon glue’ enables a new quantum mechanical state

By Guest PostMarch 4, 2014Sciencehybrid solar cells, optical cavity, organic semiconductor, photon glue

ANN ARBOR — Like a spring connecting two swings, light can act as photon glue that binds together the quantum mechanical properties of two vastly different materials. (more…)

How a Shape-shifting DNA-repair Machine Fights Cancer

By Guest PostMarch 2, 2014Scienceals beamline, berkeley lab, broken dna, cancer, cancer cells, dna repair functions, dna repair machine, fight, fix, john tainer, mre11 rad50, mutation, protein complex, shape shifting, sybils, tanya paull, university of texas

Berkeley Lab’s Advanced Light Source reveals inner-workings of essential protein found throughout life.

Maybe you’ve seen the movies or played with toy Transformers, those shape-shifting machines that morph in response to whatever challenge they face. It turns out that DNA-repair machines in your cells use a similar approach to fight cancer and other diseases, according to research led by scientists from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab).

As reported in a pair of new studies, the scientists gained new insights into how a protein complex called Mre11-Rad50 reshapes itself to take on different DNA-repair tasks. (more…)

Leise und spritsparend landen: Neues Assistenzsystem für Piloten im Simulatortest

By Guest PostMarch 1, 2014Sciencea320 cockpit, air vehicle simulator, atra, dlr, flugzeug, neues assistenzsystem, pilot, simulator, simulatortest, simulatorzentrum aves, sven oppermann, zeitpunkt

Um neue, leisere Anflugverfahren einzusetzen, muss der Pilot während der Landephase einen im Voraus berechneten Handlungsablauf exakt einhalten. Das Deutsche Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) hat ein Pilotenassistenzsystem entwickelt, das die Landungen optimiert und sie dadurch sicherer, leiser und spritsparender macht. Dieses System wurde in Flugsimulationen von mehreren Piloten getestet und die Ergebnisse ausgewertet. (more…)

NASA’s Curiosity Mars Rover Views Striated Ground

By Guest PostMarch 1, 2014Sciencecuriosity mars rover, Facebook, junda, martian environmental conditions, mount sharp, NASA, navigation camera, orbital image, outcrop, slope, striated ground

NASA’s Curiosity Mars rover has reached an area where orbital images had piqued researchers’ interest in patches of ground with striations all oriented in a similar direction.

A close-up look at some of the striations from the rover’s Navigation Camera gains extra drama by including Mount Sharp in the background. The lower slopes of that layered mountain are the mission’s long-term science destination. The image is online at: (more…)

Pinwheel ‘living’ crystals and the origin of life

By Guest PostFebruary 28, 2014Science3d liquid crystal, basic motion, beginnings of life, daphne klotsa, device, Nanotechnology, origin of life, phase separation, pinwheel living crystals, rotating particle, sharon glotzer, technique, three dimensional crystals

ANN ARBOR — Simply making nanoparticles spin coaxes them to arrange themselves into what University of Michigan researchers call ‘living rotating crystals’ that could serve as a nanopump. They may also, incidentally, shed light on the origin of life itself.

The researchers refer to the crystals as ‘living’ because they, in a sense, take on a life of their own from very simple rules. (more…)

Dissecting genetics

By Guest PostFebruary 28, 2014Sciencealicia carriquiry, balint kurti, chandra kambhamettu, disease resistance, dissecting genetics, jeff caplan, jim holland, maize, nick lauter, nsf pgrp, randall wisser, rebecca nelson, university of delaware, usda ars, vims laboratory

UD professor seeks holistic understanding of disease resistance in maize

The University of Delaware is leading an interdisciplinary project aimed at unraveling the biology of a durable form of disease resistance in maize.

A grant from the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program (NSF-PGRP) has brought together a team of experts in breeding, genetics, pathology, bioimaging and computer science to generate new knowledge that can be leveraged in the staple crop when breeding for disease resistance. (more…)

Category Archives: Science