Brown University cognitive scientists have identified specific brain regions that work together to allow us to choose from among the options we store in working memory. Findings appear in the journal Neuron.
PROVIDENCE, R.I. [Brown University] — Keep this in mind: Scientists say they’ve learned how your brain plucks information out of working memory when you decide to act. (more…)
In Zeiten des Globalen Wandels finden zahlreiche Krankheitserreger und -überträger ihren Weg in neue Lebensräume. Auch zeigen sich gänzlich neuartige Krankheiten und treten häufig erst mit zeitlicher Verzögerung in den Industrieländern auf. Lebensweisen, Umweltbedingungen und Wirt-Erreger-Interaktionen beeinflussen dabei die Ausbreitungsmechanismen. Die Frankfurter Arbeitsgruppe um Prof. Dr. Sven Klimpel (Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, LOEWE Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum und Goethe-Universität) trägt nun mit zwei neuen Projekten, einer Graduiertenschule und einem BiodivERsA-Projekt, zum Verständnis der komplexen Zusammenhänge bei.
Infektionskrankheiten sind die weltweit häufigste Todesursache: Im Jahr 2001 starben laut Schätzungen der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) ca. 14,9 Millionen Menschen daran. Dies entspricht etwa 26 % aller Todesfälle. In den Industrieländern konnten im Verlauf des 20. Jahrhunderts viele Infektionskrankheiten durch verbesserte Lebensbedingungen und Hygiene sowie den medizinischen Fortschritt zurückgedrängt werden. Seit einigen Jahrzehnten spielen hier jedoch neu oder wieder auftretende Infektionskrankheiten und durch Vektoren, also andere Organismen (z.B. blutsaugende Insekten), übertragene Krankheiten eine zunehmende Rolle. Etliche dieser Erreger wurden erst in den letzten Jahrzehnten entdeckt, wie z.B. das Humane Immundefizienz-Virus (HIV), Hanta-Viren, sowie virale Erreger hämorrhagischer Fieber, z.B. das Ebola- oder Marburg-Virus. Die hohe Mobilität der Menschen und der weltweite Handel schaffen vielfältige Übertragungswege: Von einer einzigen Infektionsquelle ausgehend können Personen in verschiedenen Ländern infiziert werden. Die rapide globale Ausbreitung des SARS-Erregers (Severe acute respiratory syndrome) im Winter 2002/2003 ist ein aktuelles Beispiel für diese globale Bedrohung. (more…)
Pancreatic cancer is a particularly devastating disease. At least 94 percent of patients will die within five years, and in 2013 it was ranked as one of the top 10 deadliest cancers. (more…)
People living in northern latitudes have more gut bacteria linked to obesity compared with people living in southern latitudes, a new study has found
People living in cold, northern latitudes have bacteria in their guts that may predispose them to obesity, according to a new study by researchers at the University of Arizona and the University of California, Berkeley. (more…)
Health interventions can contribute to academic achievement
There is a strong relationship between a student’s personal health and their academic achievement in school, new research by Yale University suggests. The study found that school, home and community environments that promote good personal health contribute to higher levels of achievement.
The study examines the relationship between a variety of health factors and students’ standardized test scores. The most important predictors of academic achievement were having no television in the bedroom, maintaining a healthy weight, being physically fit, having a secure source of healthy food, and rarely eating at fast-food restaurants. Other significant factors were not drinking soda or other sweetened drinks and getting enough sleep. (more…)
Scientists from UCLA, UC San Francisco, Costa Rica and Colombia take steps to identify genetic component to mental illness
Scientists know there is a strong genetic component to bipolar disorder, but they have had an extremely difficult time identifying the genes that cause it. So, in an effort to better understand the illness’s genetic causes, researchers at UCLA tried a new approach. (more…)
Stroke hospitalization rates appear to rise and fall with sharp changes in outdoor temperature and dew point, a pilot study led by the Yale School of Public Health has found. The research, presented this week at the American Stroke Association’s International Stroke Conference 2014, shows an association of stroke hospitalizations with exposure to extreme daily temperature and dew point fluctuations.
The study examined Medicare, Medicaid, and private insurance data from hospitals across the United States. The researchers looked at 157,130 hospital discharges in 2010-2011 for ischemic stroke (caused by a blood clot that blocks blood flow in or leading to the brain). The researchers also obtained temperature and dew point data during the same period and localized it to the county level. (more…)
Poets and physicians know that a scarred heart cannot beat the way it used to, but the science of reprogramming cells offers hope—for the physical heart, at least.
A team of University of Michigan biomedical engineers has turned cells common in scar tissue into colonies of beating heart cells. Their findings could advance the path toward regenerating tissue that’s been damaged in a heart attack. (more…)
