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NSF Announces Major Awards for Biodiversity Research, WHOI Scientists Selected

By Guest PostNovember 1, 2011Sciencealvin, bigelow laboratory for ocean sciences, biogeochemical cycling of carbon, biogeochemistry, biologist, bosun patrick hennessy, catie craver, chemist, chemosynthesis, China, crab spa, craig taylor, deep sea hydrothermal vent, deep sea vent microbial communities, dimensions in biodiversity research, east pacific rise, ecosystems, france, Germany, hydrothermal vents, jeff seewald, mclane research laboratories, microbial interaction, microbiology, nadine le bris, national science foundation, nitrogen, photosynthesis, ramunas stepanauskas, rv atlantis, scientist, seaman kevin threadgold, stefan sievert, sulfur, woods hole oceanographic institution

The 1977 discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vent ecosystems that obtain energy through chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis greatly expanded the perception of life on Earth. However, an understanding of their underlying microbiology and biogeochemistry still remains elusive.

A newly funded project, one of several major awards announced by the National Science Foundation’s (NSF) Dimensions in Biodiversity research program, stands to change that through a multi-disciplinary, international collaborative research effort led by Associate Scientist Stefan Sievert of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. (more…)

U-M ecologist: Future Forests May Soak up More Carbon Dioxide than Previously Believed, Helping to Buffer Climate Change

By Guest PostOctober 16, 2011Environmentandrew burton, aspects of biological diversity, atmospheric carbon dioxide, biodiversity, carbon dioxide, climate change, co2 soaked trees, components of an ecosystem, donald zak, ecosystem, ecosystem modelers, experimental forest, experimental forest in rhinelander, fertilizing effect on trees, forage, genetic diversity, ground-level ozone, heat trapping carbon dioxide gas, human caused climate warming, kurt pregitzer, mark kubiske, nitrogen, north american forests, northeastern wisconsin, paper birch, photosynthesis, projected climate warming, rhinelander, simulate atmospheric conditions, smog, soil, sugar maple, trembling aspen, university of michigan

ANN ARBOR, Mich.— North American forests appear to have a greater capacity to soak up heat-trapping carbon dioxide gas than researchers had previously anticipated.

As a result, they could help slow the pace of human-caused climate warming more than most scientists had thought, a U-M ecologist and his colleagues have concluded. (more…)

Ecologist: Up-and-Coming Forests Will Remain Important Carbon Sinks

By Guest PostAugust 13, 2011Environmentaging forests, aspen canopy, carbohydrates, carbon storage, christopher gough, climate change analysts, ecological theories, ecosystem, effective carbon sink, Environment, faset, forest accelerated succession experiment, greenhouse gas emissions, kyoto protocol, lucas nave, national carbon sink, nitrogen cycling, ohio, ohio state university, oxygen, peter curtis, photosynthesis, policymakers and ecologists, upper great lakes, upper midwest

COLUMBUS, Ohio – The aging forests of the Upper Great Lakes could be considered the baby boomers of the region’s ecosystem.

The decline of trees in this area is a cause for concern among policymakers and ecologists who wonder whether the end of the forests’ most productive years means they will no longer offer the benefits they are known for: cleansed air, fertile soil, filtered water and, most important to climate change analysts, carbon storage that offsets greenhouse gas emissions. (more…)

Scientists Discover Animal-like Urea Cycle in Tiny Diatoms in the Ocean

By Guest PostMay 19, 2011Sciencealisdair fernie, andrew allen, animal like urea cycle, atmosphere, carbon recycling, chris bowler, david garrison, deep ocean, diatoms, environmental health of marine ecosystems, genome, marine diatoms, metazoan, national science foundation, nsf, nutrient, nutrient metabolism in diatoms, pennate diatom, photosynthesis, phytoplankton, rna interference, silica, unique cell walls, urea synthesis

*Cycle enables marine phytoplankton to use carbon and nitrogen from their environment*

Scientists have discovered that marine diatoms, tiny phytoplankton abundant in the sea, have an animal-like urea cycle, and that this cycle enables the diatoms to efficiently use carbon and nitrogen from their environment. (more…)

Solar Cells more Efficient than Photosynthesis – for Now

By Guest PostMay 16, 2011Sciencebiofuels industry, carbon-based molecules, chemical bonds, critical since, david Kramer, ecosystem, environmental impact, g.l.kohuth, genetic engineering, michigan state university, new paper in science, organism, photosynthesis, photosynthesis of plants for biofuel, plants are less efficient than solar cells, solar cells, species of cyanobacteria, sun’s energy, washington university

EAST LANSING, Mich. — In a head-to-head battle of harvesting the sun’s energy, solar cells beat plants, according to a new paper in Science. But scientists think they can even up the playing field, says Michigan State University researcher David Kramer.

Plants are less efficient at capturing the energy in sunlight than solar cells mostly because they have too much evolutionary baggage. Plants have to power a living thing, whereas solar cells only have to send electricity down a wire. This is a big difference because if photosynthesis makes a mistake, it makes toxic byproducts that kill the organism. Photosynthesis has to be conservative to avoid killing the organisms it powers. (more…)

Study Shows Wind Turbines on Farmlands May Benefit Crops

By Guest PostDecember 19, 20101 commentEnvironmentatmosphere, carbon dioxide, corn, crop, crops, domestic source of energy, earth surface, electricity, fungal infestations, gene takle, generate, laser, lidar, midwestern farm, moisture levels, photosynthesis, renewable energy, research, soybean, takle, turbine blades, wind turbines

Wind turbines in Midwestern farm fields may be doing more than churning out electricity. The giant turbine blades that generate renewable energy might also help corn and soybean crops stay cooler and drier, help them fend off fungal infestations and improve their ability to extract growth-enhancing carbon dioxide from the air and soil.

The preliminary findings of a months-long study that examines how wind turbines on farmlands interact with surrounding crops were presented on December 16 at the annual fall meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco. The presentation was made by researcher Gene Takle of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Ames Laboratory and Julie Lundquist, assistant professor in the University of Colorado at Boulder’s atmospheric and oceanic studies department. (more…)

Berkeley Lab Part of California Team to Receive up to $122 million for Energy Innovation Hub to Develop Method to Produce Fuels from Sunlight

By Guest PostJuly 24, 20101 commentEnvironment, Scienceartificial, berkeley lab, breakthrough innovations, cal tech, california, carbon dioxide, daniel poneman, energy, fuels, george l. argyros, innovation hub, jcap, joint center for artificial photosynthesis, nathan s. lewis, paul alivisatos, peidong yang, photosynthesis, senator boxer, sunlight, sunlight energy

Washington, D.C. – As part of a broad effort to achieve breakthrough innovations in energy production, U.S. Deputy Secretary of Energy Daniel Poneman announced, on July 22, an award of up to $122 million over five years to a multidisciplinary team of top scientists to establish an Energy Innovation Hub aimed at developing revolutionary methods to generate fuels directly from sunlight.

(more…)

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