Category Archives: Science

New Design Tool for Metamaterials

Berkeley Lab Study Shows How to Predict Metamaterial Nonlinear Optical Properties

Metamaterials – artificial nanostructures engineered with electromagnetic properties not found in nature – offer tantalizing future prospects such as high resolution optical microscopes and superfast optical computers. To realize the vast potential of metamaterials, however, scientists will need to hone their understanding of the fundamental physics behind them. This will require accurately predicting nonlinear optical properties – meaning that interaction with light changes a material’s properties, for example, light emerges from the material with a different frequency than when it entered. Help has arrived. (more…)

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‘Deep Web Search’ May Help Scientists

When you do a simple Web search on a topic, the results that pop up aren’t the whole story. The Internet contains a vast trove of information — sometimes called the “Deep Web” — that isn’t indexed by search engines: information that would be useful for tracking criminals, terrorist activities, sex trafficking and the spread of diseases. Scientists could also use it to search for images and data from spacecraft. (more…)

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Ancient rocks show life could have flourished on Earth 3.2 billion years ago

A spark from a lightning bolt, interstellar dust, or a subsea volcano could have triggered the very first life on Earth.

But what happened next? Life can exist without oxygen, but without plentiful nitrogen to build genes – essential to viruses, bacteria and all other organisms – life on the early Earth would have been scarce. (more…)

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Gleichgewichtsorgan der Hörnchen unterscheidet sich je nach Bewegungsart

Bogengänge des Innenohrs der Tiere variieren

WissenschaftlerInnen um Cathrin Pfaff von der Universität Wien untersuchten Eichhörnchen und ihre nahen Verwandten und fanden heraus, dass der Durchmesser der Bogengänge des Innenohres je nach Bewegungsweise der Tiere variiert: Gleithörnchen haben deutlich dünnere und somit weniger sensitive Bogengänge im Innenohr als am Boden lebende Tiere – obwohl erstere mehr Informationen über ihre Lage im Raum benötigen. Die ForscherInnen vermuten, dass sich dies als Anpassung an einen zu großen Informationsfluss ins Gehirn erklären lässt. Ihre Ergebnisse werden aktuell im Fachjournal “Proceedings of the Royal Society B” veröffentlicht. (more…)

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Scientists from IBM Research and Australian Universities Reveal New Insight on the Molecular Structure of Plants

Computational studies unlock the secrets of cellulose for more sustainable and disease resistant crops

MELBOURNE, Australia: Scientists from IBM Research, the University of Melbourne and the University of Queensland have moved a step closer to identifying the nanostructure of cellulose – the basic structural component of plant cell walls. (more…)

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Satelliten – zuverlässige Quelle für die Erdbeobachtung

Wie entwickelt sich die Ozonschicht, wie verteilen sich Spurengase in der Atmosphäre, wie verändern sich – global betrachtet – die Wälder, Küsten, Landmassen und Polarregionen? Wie können Erdbeobachtungssatelliten bei Naturkatastrophen wie jüngst dem Erdbeben in Nepal helfen, und welchen Nutzen haben die Daten für Geologie, Landwirtschaft, Urbanisierung, Gesundheits- oder Energiemanagement? Welche Techniken stehen für die Verarbeitung der immer größer werdenden Datenmengen zur Verfügung? (more…)

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Genetic Road Map May Bring About Better Cotton Crops

AUSTIN, Texas – A University of Texas at Austin scientist, working with an international research team, has developed the most precise sequence map yet of U.S. cotton and will soon create an even more detailed map for navigating the complex cotton genome. The finding may help lead to an inexpensive version of American cotton that rivals the quality of luxurious Egyptian cotton and helps develop crops that use less water and fewer pesticides for a cotton that is easier on the skin and easier on the land. (more…)

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Black phosphorus is new ‘wonder material’ for improving optical communication

Phosphorus, a highly reactive element commonly found in match heads, tracer bullets, and fertilizers, can be turned into a stable crystalline form known as black phosphorus. In a new study, researchers from the University of Minnesota used an ultrathin black phosphorus film—only 20 layers of atoms—to demonstrate high-speed data communication on nanoscale optical circuits. (more…)

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